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For some unfortunate women, it becomes very hard to conceive and get pregnant. They deal with many different issues like miscarriage, infertility and etc. Living life without a child is not easy for a woman. Becoming a mother is the most important thing for every woman of this world and when an unfortunate woman is not able to get pregnant, they are not able to handle the situation. And, for a woman above the age 40, it nearly becomes impossible to conceive.

There are many different reasons behind the not getting pregnant situation.

Below are the Main Causes

1. Smoking – Expecting pregnancy and smoking at the same time is a thing that is totally contradictory. A lot of women smoke before their pregnancy and it creates serious problem for them and most of them may not about it. Smoking affects the fertility severely. A woman who smokes reduces their 40% chances of getting pregnant. It ahs been found that smoking is also responsible for miscarriages. And, not for pregnancy alone, smoking is injurious to health in anyway.

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2. Malnutrition – This is another important reason. There are a large number of women who are not able to afford a good diet that includes the essential nutrition like proteins, vitamins etc. A proper diet is very important if a woman wants to get pregnant. So, eat nutrition rich food in your diet daily.

3. Alcohol – Alike smoking, drinking is also a thing that creates trouble conceiving. Alcohol is one of the major things that lower down the fertility in both men and women. There is a lot of pressure on millions of women, both from work and home. And, to suppress the stress, women turn to drinking not knowing that how badly it affects their fertility.

4. Ovarian CYST – It is a very common thing for a large number of women to have the ovarian cysts during their menstruation. At the time of menstruating, a woman develops fluid-filled cysts around their ovaries. And, when a menstrual cycle is accomplished, these cysts release eggs in the fallopian tubes. There are no symptoms of this disorder. It is very important to see a Doctor for the treatment as they create problems in conception.

5. Intercourse – Having intercourse at not so appropriate time is also a reason. It has been found that sex at the time when there is no ovulation does not lead to pregnancy. A lot of women do not know about it. Use the Ovulation Kits to determine the right time and then plan intercourse.

You should use the natural ways for your problems. The conventional methods have many side effects. To use natural ways, It’s necessary that you follow them with right way so you will get multi dimensional positive effects. Pregnancy miracle is nice guide which guides you with each and every step and tell you how it can help to get pregnant fast. Know more about pregnancy miracle guide here.

Ruby Ordenana was found on the corner of Cesar Chavez and Indiana streets in San Francisco. She was found naked and apparently had been strangled. Although many had said she was fighting allot of issues like her immigration status and drug addiction, but the status of her case is a major concern for the community because the killer or killers still remain at large. Daxi Arredondo was a young and vibrant male to female transexual, which means the correct pro-nounn to use would be she her Miss …

You need to notice things about you or the family member you’re trying to help. For instance, you need to know their normal habits and traits, so you know when they have deviated from them. Someone who needs the homeopathic remedy Arnica is often averse to the approach of others. It’s logical when you look at it. As Arnica is the king of injury remedies, those needing it have been hurt. If they’ve been hurt once, the approach of someone may raise fears that you may further hurt them.

Drinking warm milk, honey and warm water will help keep the trachea open by coating the wall of it. Teas containing chamomile, green tea are also good ways to prevent snoring. Drinking a cup of milk with a bit of turmeric powder can also be quite effective.

Home prescribing with homeopathy must be one of the most self empowering and satisfying things to do in life. Although highly beneficial, not all alternative health modalities can offer this. Imagine being in the back-of-beyond, miles from anywhere, and you get bitten by a bee. If you have your homeopathic first aid kit to hand, the likelihood of it becoming a problem is small.
Imagine waking up in the middle of the night with a raging temperature. If you are able to read the kit instructions, or someone else can for you, it’s likely that you’ll find a remedy that will bring the fever down in double quick time.

Most of the breast enlargement devices on the market however, are simply modified breast pumps. They’re designed to “suck” on the breast, which can in turn make the breast’s cell tissue to replicate and expand.

This process works, but it’s not overly appealing to many women because it’s very easy to injure yourself when trying to use one of these pumps. So the next option is usually to look for herbal and natural ways to increase or enhance your breasts. And there are actually many things that can help quite a bit. Most of the herbs used for natural breast enhancement work well because they help to balance and regulate the hormones in a woman’s body.
Fenugreek for instance, is more commonly known as an herb for the lungs and lymphatic systems. It is also an excellent hormone regulator for women though, and is often used in herbal breast enlargement combinations.

Fennel is a very nutritious herb normally used for cooking. This herb is excellent for a variety of things including colic, stomach aches, toxin removal, and weight loss. It also however, helps increase milk production in nursing mothers, and it’s rich in flavonoids which help boost estrogen secretion. This boost can help new breast cells and tissue form.

Blessed Thistle is an herb which is primarily used for enriching and increasing the milk in nursing mothers. This herb is also wonderful for balancing female hormonal problems though, and it has powerful estrogenic properties which can help with naturally enlarging the breasts.

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“I’m not a terrorist! I’m a sick mom! I need help!” yelled the mother of three after she missed the 2:58 pm US Airways Express flight to Tucson, said airport workers who witnessed the confrontation. They said one cop put his knee in her back to restrain her while others grabbed her flailing arms. “I believe she was a little not-there. She kept punching. She kept screaming. She kept kicking,” one worker told The News. “She looked really scared, really frightened. I think she was afraid to go …

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Irritable bowel syndrome, often known as IBS, is a rather complex disorder that has a variety of symptoms, some of which may be diet related. In order to help people obtain relief from the symptoms of IBS, the kind of eating habits a person has must be addressed.

If someone tends to skip meals, has a low intake of fluid and fiber, eats a lot of fatty food, has a sensitivity to milk as well as other dairy products and drinks excessive alcohol and caffeine, then these problems must be addressed and resolved before one can consider a diet for IBS.

One of the most common dietary treatments for sufferers with IBS includes a high fiber diet. This is a positive recommendation for those IBS patients who suffer from constipation. However, some people will receive no benefit from the increase in fiber, and in some patients their symptoms may worsen.

Increasing the fiber in one’s diet should be a gradual process, should involve a good choice of fibers and one should accompany this dietary change with an increase in fluid intake. The rule of thumb is to drink from 6 to 8 glasses of water a day, and that excludes other beverages. Caffeinated drinks such as carbonated soft drinks and coffee may just serve to aggravate IBS symptoms so they should be limited.

The symptoms of IBS seem to worsen after eating large meals, especially if the meal has been quickly eater and if the meal has a high fat content. It would be very beneficial if the food was spread over 3 meals as well as 3 snacks each day. Try not to down your food all in one gulp.

Remember, you are not going to a fire! Don’t you recall that your mother told you to chew each spoonful of food 25 times before going to the next bite? Also, try to relax after you have eaten. Sometimes regular light exercise may help to alleviate or reduce symptoms.

If you are having problems with excessive gas, then try to avoid such vegetables as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower and legumes which include baked beans. Once the symptoms have settled down, these foods may be slowly reintroduced. Carbonated soft drinks may also be a culprit in causing excessive gas. Remember to spread your fluid intake across the day.

Some people who suffer with IBS may find that they may like to try a lactose-free period in their diet. Lactose is found mainly in dairy products such as ice creams, and milk. You should keep in mind that these foods supply the body with important nutrients. If you decide that you may want to cut out dairy products from your diet, then you may want to consider taking a calcium supplement.

It would be well to keep a journal of the types of food you eat, what fluids you drink and any notable symptoms. This will help you to observe the role that diet and some other factors such as stress play in your IBS symptoms. Maintain a diet that is high in fiber if this is tolerated well.

Begin with the basics of three high fiber and low fat meals accompanied by two to three snacks each day. Make sure that you drink an adequate amount of fluids, but try to avoid a lot of caffeine and other carbonated drinks. Remember to eat slowly and make your meal time as relaxing as you can. If you have different sensitivities to food, eliminate one food from your IBS diet at a time until you find which one is causing or aggravating your symptoms.

Make sure to record your results in your journal. Once the symptoms have calmed down, then you may think about reintroducing the food and note any symptoms. You may even wish to consult a dietitian for individual counseling about your IBS diet and any modifications that could be made. Common diets for irritable bowel syndrome is just something you need to take your time and plan out.

While Parenting we should keep in mind that like adults, babies can also suffer from diarrhea. The symptoms of diarrhea include very high frequency of motions, sometimes accompanied with fever and a very uneasy feeling in the baby. Babies tend to be very restless during diarrhea, constantly crying and even refuse to eat or drink anything.

This is a serious situation, especially if you are a single parent but can be well treated at home under normal circumstances. During diarrhea your child’s body looses most of fluids, which needs to be replenished.

Treating baby by giving as much fluid as possible is the easiest and well tried treatment. Always remember as parents, for a baby of age less than six months breast milk or equivalent formulas are the natural remedy. For babies older than six months other fluids such as soups can also be used. It should be kept in mind that even though the baby might refuse taking the fluid, it should be given. The parenting key is to keep giving her as much fluid as you can. If the baby refuses, try to give the fluid in small amount but do it frequently.

Apart from the home parenting remedies, there are certain medically approved fluids for babies, which can also be used to overcome the fluid loss. These fluids are available usually in the pharmacies, and it is advised that these formulas should be purchased from the pharmacy. It is requested to parents that not to try them prepare at home by yourselves, as it can deteriorate your child’s medical condition.

These fluids are high in salt and water, and make up for the loss of babies’ body fluid. According to doctors, these fluids contain specially designed formula for babies that makes salt and water absorption in the body quick. They are very handy for home treatment of mild to severe diarrhea condition. We suggest mothers that if baby has no fever, acts normal and shows interest in eating, it is a very good sign and the diarrhea can be well combated from home.

But as parent if you find that your baby has high fever or refuses to eat and drink, or you find blood in your babies’ feces, which is a bacterial condition, we recommend you to consult a doctor as soon as possible. But, even in such condition maintain the fluid intake of your child as it would help her recover earlier.

Normally, diarrhea is a common problem in babies and seldom requires medication. Still it is advised for father and mother to keep a watch on your babies’ behavior and condition. A solid feces is a sure sign of recovery. Any blood in feces should alarm you, and you should consult doctor for this bacterial infection.

We request you to be patient as parenting requires more of it and keep giving fluids to your baby for quicker recovery. After all, all we want is a healthy and strong baby.

George was born in a Canoe, off the island of Sibua; one of the islands located in the Saint Lawrence River. His father was an Irish drunk who left him and his mother early on, and his mother was a Native American. As a young boy, George was introduced to hard liquor and pornography, which destroyed his life rapidly. During his teenage years, George developed a strong dependency to over the counter nasal spray, which is the cause of his unique voice. After his fifth failed marriage at the …

Are you going through a tough time in your life?  Do you feel like you’re all alone with your problem?

Chances are that there are a lot of other people who are facing a similar difficulty right now, perhaps even other people in your own community.  You can find the help and support you need to get through this period, as well as find helpful advice and good friendships by joining a support group made up of other people who are struggling with the same problem that you are.

Whatever your current problem happens to be, whether you are struggling with an addiction, or perhaps someone you love is an addict, or if you are finding life hard because you have just been diagnosed with a serious illness, or if you don’t have many friends to turn to because you are socially isolated, joining a support group is a way to quickly fill your life with kind and caring people who will help you on your journey.

What is a support group?  It can be a formal or informal group of people who get together on a regular basis to share certain aspects of their lives with others and to offer each other emotional support.

Sometimes these are also called self help groups.

Perhaps the most famous of the support groups that exist today is Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.).  This organization started in about 1935 in Akron, Ohio, when two alcoholics found that talking to each other about their drinking and following a simple program helped keep them both sober. 

Since that beginning, the A.A. organization has spread throughout the world and millions of alcoholics have learned to stay sober by helping each other.

The A.A. model has been adopted by people dealing with addiction problems other than alcohol, so today there are support groups that deal with addictions to narcotics, cocaine, food, and many other substances and activities.

In addition, there are support groups that use the A.A. model to help the partners or children of addicts.  Being the spouse or child of an alcoholic or addict brings with it certain painful problems that are often best understood by other people who have lived a similar experience.

Support groups that use the A.A. framework are often called “12 Step Groups”.  That is because these groups base their founding principles and traditions on the 12 steps which were proposed by the initial founders of the first Alcoholics Anonymous groups.

One of the key principles of the support groups using the A.A. model is the tradition of secrecy.  People who attend these meetings use only their first names.  They do not publicly advertise their participation in 12 Step groups.  Everything said at these meetings is meant to be kept strictly confidential by those who attend. 

It is because of this tradition of secrecy that those who attend the meetings can feel free to discuss extremely personal matters.

Not only have 12 Step groups enabled millions of people to overcome their addictions, reclaim their lives and gain peace of mind, they also foster close friendships and emotional intimacy for many of those who attend.

Not all self help or support groups are fashioned on the 12 Step A.A. model.  Many support groups today exist to help people battle specific diseases.  For example, there are support groups for people who have been diagnosed with breast cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and many less common illnesses.  Some support groups also raise money and awareness to combat specific diseases.

Support groups for people with diseases can provide a lifeline for people who are newly diagnosed with some frightening ailment.  They can provide information, help, and hope, suggest new treatments and doctors, and give the kind of emotional support that can only come from other people who truly understand what it means to face this particular problem.

Self help groups also exist for many emotional problems and social situations. 

There are support groups for single parents, for widowed seniors, for teenaged mothers, and for parents of twins and triplets.  There is even a support group for people who have developed emotional problems after winning the lottery! 

You can usually find information about the location and times of support group meetings by checking in a local newspaper or telephone book. 

If you decide to try visiting an existing support group, it’s best to go several times before you decide whether or not it’s right for you.  Sometimes a group can have an “off” night when things don’t quite work well, and yet other meetings might be much better.

Of course it is often easier to find a support group for an obscure problem if you live in a large city rather than in a small town.  But you are not limited by geography as long as you have a computer—nowadays there are many support groups on line. 

Using the Internet you can access people who are willing to talk about your problem, at any hour of the day or night, in any corner of the world.

Whatever type of problem you have, it’s quite likely that somewhere in the world there is a group of people who are already trying to deal with the same problem.

And if you can’t find the right kind of support group locally, another option for you is to  try start up a support group right where you live.  Not only will you be helping yourself, but you will also be helping others, and you’ll probably meet a lot of interesting and friendly people at the same time!

Although they are usually associated with the onset of menopause, hot flashes during pregnancy are quite common. Hot flashes are short periods when you experience intense heat and increased heart rate. Your face may become quite flushed and you may experience profuse sweating. If you are unfamiliar with this sensation, the experience can be rather frightening. One episode could last as long as five minutes, but they are usually less than a minute in duration. Some women do not experience hot flashes at all when they are pregnant and others have them all the time.

 

Experts suggest that hot flashes are caused by an increase in heat in the regulatory areas of the brain that control body temperature. One of the symptoms of pregnancy is an increase in the basal body temperature so it is only natural that you will go through hot flashes. Many things can trigger an episode, such as eating spicy foods. This is true even if these foods never bothered you before you became pregnant. Hot weather is another trigger that will make you feel warmer than normal and very uncomfortable. This is why many pregnant women find the summer months particularly trying when they are in the final trimester.

 

You don have to visit your doctor to get help for hot flashes when you are pregnant. There are natural ways of controlling this sensation and he/she will not likely prescribe any medication. They are often associated with lower than normal estrogen levels in the body. The best advice is to get to know the things that trigger your hot flashes and then avoid them as much as possible. The usual triggers include the following:

 

* Hot showers

 

* Drinking caffeinated drinks

 

* Consuming alcohol

 

* Smoking

 

* Becoming angry or stressed

 

* Hot drinks

 

Wearing loose clothing that gives your body room to breathe is another natural way of controlling your episodes of hot flashes. Another technique to reduce the discomfort is to take deep breaths from your abdomen and let the air out slowly through your nose. Taking walk can help to relieve the symptoms. Other treatments include swimming, taking cool baths and keeping cold water on hand for drinks when you need them.

 

While treatments for hot flashes do exist for menopausal women in the form of hormone therapy, this is not possible for a pregnant woman. When expectant mothers experience hot flashes the best remedy is to make changes in their lifestyle to help reduce the frequency and intensity of the episodes. During warm weather, having a fan close at hand or sitting near an open window with a wind blowing through will really give you comfort.

 

There is nothing to get concerned about when you do have hot flashes when you are pregnant. The episode may be embarrassing for you when you are in the company of others, but once you explain that you are expecting a baby, your friends will easily understand your situation. Some of them may have had the same experiences and may be able to offer you helpful advice.

INTRODUCTION

 

Education, is a modern word, which is derived from the Latin word ‘educase’, means to nourish, to cause to grow (Patel: 1991 : viii). Education also prevails in illiterate societies, where it is imparted orally and by mass behavior. A member of primitive society learns to earn his livelihood, to do good works, to obey spiritual beings and also superstitions etc from the elders of the society and bind by its laws and regulations. These are the education for them. We the modern people do mean “education as reading and writing. This is also true. By modern education a person can able to increase his knowledge and expand his vision and avail the fruits or development. Hence modern education can play the role of “Catalyst” in bringing sea changes in the sphere of social, political, economic fields. One of the important reasons for failure of development activities in the society by various developmental agendas is the prevalence of acute illiteracy and ignorance, combined with superstitions among the rural masses. Hence to ward off economic backwardness, social deprivation spreading of education is regarded as one of the most effective and forward-looking instruments (Patel: 1991:26). Another reason of failure of education is superstition among the tribal. Superstitions like “reading would make their eyes drop out of their sockets” etc. is also responsible for not spreading of education, so no remarkable progress could be achieved within next 10 years (Behera : 1984:76). Accordingly O.J. Millman, a Baptist Missionary set up a school in 1914 at Gudripadi near G.Udayagiri (Boal : 1963: 61). As Government experienced, acute caste discrimination prevailing among the students as well as parents, the Govt. was forced to set up separate schools for ST and SC students. Lord Dalhousie, the then Viceroy of British India appointed Mr. Charles Wood who was the Chairman of Board of Controll on 19th July 1853 to review the progress of education in India and to suggest way-out for its improvement and to frame new laws and regulations. Accordingly, he had submitted his report in the year 1854, which was known as Woods’ Dispatch. As such post of Director of Public Instructions was created in Bombay, Bengal and in Madras presidency

 

exclusively to look after development of education. As suggested in Wood’s Dispatch, the medium of instruction should be in mother language. Another Commission was also set up for reformation and development of education in the year 1882, known as Hunter Commission. Lord Curzon organized an all India conference in the year 1901 at Simla to review the progress and to find out faults in education, which was the first conference in India in the history of education. The proceedings of the said conference were published in 1904, which was known as Curzon’s Proclamation. That proclamation was an important document where emphasis was given regarding Syllabus, appointment of teachers and monetary assistance to schools and the importance of the provincial Governments to promote mass education. Administrative reformation law by Montague Chelmsford was published in the year 1919, where complete responsibility was laid down for education on provincial Governments. Hence Education Act of Madras Presidency was framed in 1920. Accordingly financial assistance was provided with to schools regularly and special responsibility was also given to District Boards and Local Boards. Again Hartog Commission was set up in 1929 where emphasis was given to promote mass education and to eradicate wastage and stagnation problem Christian Missionaries also took an important role for development of education in backward classes of this district.  Missionaries also created awareness among the tribal towards education. Schools were also set up for ST and SC students by tribal Welfare department of Government after independence.  Secondly, ignorance and superstitions play a major set back for spread of education in the district. People of the remote area are superstitious and addicted to blind beliefs. So they do not understand the value of education. Thirdly, a vital reason for the drop out problem of tribal students is their prevailing cultural process and life style, which hardly creates conducive environment for spreading of education.

 

The poverty of tribal people doesn’t permit them to keep clean their home environment. They don’t get nutritious food. So tribal children often fall ill. The parents could not treat them timely due to economic scarcity. So they suffer for a long period. During suffering the child remains absent from school and after recovering from illness he loses his appetite for study. However there are few other reasons, which may also be responsible for drop-out

 

 

 

                             The tribal are the children of nature and their lifestyle is conditioned by the eco-system. India due to its diverse ecosystems has a wide variety of tribal population. Tribes people constitute 8.14% of the total population of the country, numbering 84.51 million (2001 Census). There are 697 tribes notified by the Central Government under Article 342 of the Indian Constitution with certain tribes being notified in more than one State. More than half the Scheduled Tribe population is concentrated in the States of Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Jharkhandand Gujarat whereas in Haryana, Punjab, Delhi, Pondicherry and Chandigarh no community has been notified as a Scheduled Tribe. Due to isolation, unawareness and exploitation tribes in India facing economic and social problems. They live generally in inhospitable terrain   where productivity of soil is low and their hamlets are found in forest areas along with the hill streams., India has the largest concentration of tribal population in the world .A tribe is a group comprising families, alone, or generation having its own customs, occupying a specific geographic territory and being independence of or having little contact with the dominant national society of the country in which they live.. Tribals of our country (India) resides in such a territory, which is marked by the presence of hills, forest, islands, mountains, seacoasts etc. They live in a special geographical territory. That is why, some scholars see tribe as a territorial group. Tribals have to face a number of problems due to their isolated residences situated in remote areas. But they are closely and emotionally related to their lands and forest. There are no communications facilities between the various isolated tribal group as well as between the tribal and the world at large. They accept all outsiders in their territory that create more problem than benefits to the tribal communities.  Due to exploitation from various stakeholders tribals are now facing a lot of problems .For promoting the welfare of schedule tribes and for rising the level of administration of schedules and tribal areas to the state level, Article 275 of the constitution provides grants in aid from consolidated fund of India to states for implementation of developmental programmes. And the article lies down as a Directive Principle of State Policy that the State should promote, with special care, the education and economic interest of the weaker sections.  The 10th Five Year Plan envisages a slightly different approach in Kerala. As far as Tribals development is concerned Tribals own neighborhood groups [Oorukoottams] are formed as basic units for the formulation and implementation of TSP and other Tribals Development Programmes. A new approach and strategies for the sustainable development of tribals in Kerala. In view of this the following suggestions are made. Top most priority should be given to elimination of poverty and reduction of unemployment among the tribals. Majority of the tribal population does not still enjoy the basic standards of Good life. Elimination of poverty requires macro as well as micro strategies. For this there have to be separate component plan for Scheduled Tribes and the disabled including family specific plans for improving quality of life as well as protecting and upgrading the land resources, value addition to the non-timber Forest Produce, high quality education, proper health, social security support etc. No conventional institutional options have to be tried out in the case of education, health, and economic development and so on where NGO’s with good track record could play a positive role. Preservation of tribal culture and fostering of their traditional knowledge have to be ensured hand in hand with their empowerment and all round socio-economic development. The Draft Comprehensive Master Plan prepared by the Government should be implemented in a time bound manner with greater emphasis on the primitive tribal groups with stress on Education; Land based Development, Implementation of Protective measures with added legal support etc. It is commitment of the State Government to distribute land to all landless tribals and to rehabilitate them in a phased manner and to help them to sustain their land. High priority should be given to the construction of Houses, electrification, Drinking Water, Sanitation facilities etc. The future tribal educational programmes would aim at primary and secondary educational facilities to all ST students through Institutions like MRS, centre of excellence, etc. Strengthening of pre-primary education with adequate nutritional care, merit up gradation programmes for equipping the ST students for appearing various Entrance Examinations and Civil Services Examinations, more emphasis on technical education including Information Technology, revision of mess charges on the tribal hostels etc., are major strategies proposed. The priority / thrust areas envisaged for the future Tribal Development are:

 

. Provision of minimum needs to the poor STs aimed at systematic human resource development so as to enable the youths to seek employment., All landless tribals / marginal farmers among the tribals are to be provided with cultivable land depending on availability and implement sustainable development programmes.; Micro enterprises would be promoted among tribal women through Kudumbashree.; Tribal Sub-Plan programmes will be integrated with anti-poverty sub-plan. ;Socio-Economic development programme for the benefit of poorest of the poor to bring them above poverty line.; Ensuring of high quality education to tribal students.; Pre-primary education and residential education will be strengthened further;. The existing tuition scheme will be modified to cater to the needs of all tribal students; Programmes for assisting dropouts and improving enrolment will be formulated; All Houseless families will be given houses in a phased manner.;. The rate of Scholarships [Lump sum grant / stipend etc] will be revised frequently; The problems of tribal families living within forest areas will be solved in collaboration with forest department.; Health care facilities will be strengthened by improving existing Health Extension Programmes in tribal areas tie-up with Health Department;.  High priority for the completion of pre-metric hostels and improving of their infrastructure facilities and revision of mess charges etc.  Massive awareness and literacy programmes with involvement of NGOs will be organised in the tribal areas; Programmes aimed at improving the brilliance of talented ST students will be formulated and implemented.; Training programmes such as IT Training will be arranged for the tribal students and programmes for ensuring jobs for tribals in the IT sector will be formulated.; The participation of the tribals in the industrial sector, even in the small scale and traditional sector is virtually nil. To change this situation suitable strategies can be formulated, the socio-economic conditions of the communities like Adiya, Paniya, Primitive Tribes, Hill Pulayan, Malapandaram etc., are very pathetic. In view of this specific, exclusive programmes can be chalked out for the development of these communities.,The problems of the families living in tribal rehabilitation projects like Sugandhagiri, Pookot Dairy Project, Attapady Cooperative farming society etc., will be solved with the participation of these families., It is proposed to give Health Insurance coverage to all backward tribal families in a phased manner., Remoteness is one hurdle, which prevents the overall and comprehensive development of tribals. This eludes the tribals from the infrastructural needs such as road, drinking water, electrification, hospital facilities, educational facilities etc. A comprehensive plan can be formulated to solve these problems.

 

.Plan State Schemes

 

,Schemes for providing better educational facilities to bright ST students., Bharath /Kerala Darshan programme to ST Students, Post -metric hostels for Tribal Students., Training On Information Technology,  Post-Metric Scholarship, Vocational Training Institutes, Award of Research Fellowship in various aspects of Tribal Development, Up gradation of merits of ST students, Special Incentive to Brilliant Students, Repairs and Maintenance of Tribal Hostel., Construction of Hostels for Boys and Girls., Purchase of Land for construction of hostels., Running and construction of 18 Model Residential/Ashram Schools., Grants to High school going SSLC/Plus-2 failed students for studying in tutorial

 

Methodology

 

A questionnaire was designed to capture data on various parameters. The data collected for this study by asking question from tribal students, tribal parents and authorities one who responsible for the development of tribal communities.

 

 Sample selection: This study has its focus on students defined as tribal. All students under the “below poverty line (BPL)” family category fell into our focus population. It is not our intention to debate the methodology adopted by the state in defining the tribal.  As the idea of the study is to look at what are the problem faced by tribal students from various stakeholders. This is based on the presumption that the findings would be used

 

for developing educational status of tribal people. We wanted to base the study in some of the most backward districts in India, the choice of Wayanad was made purposively. The selection of wayanad was driven not only by its general backwardness, but also the geographical backgrounds. Wayanad district stand first in the case of adivasi population (about 36%) among other district in the state.

Design of questionnaire: For collecting data, a detailed questionnaire was designed, with a view to capture education of tribal students.. The base data were the various problems faced by the students regarding their education from within the family and outside the family. Although the questionnaire was not divided into different stages, each question collected specific information.

 

Objectives: The important objectives of our study are-

 

1          To understand the problem of tribes students through empirical analysis.

 

2          To study the problem of students with in the family and outside the family.

 

3          To provide suggestion to different stake holders for developing tribal education

EDUCATION

 

 

 

The level of education is often viewed as an indicator of the the development of any country. Earlier, the welfare activities in the state for tribals mostly concentrated on educational programmes. Economic development of these communities leading to the creation of substantial assets and ownership of instruments of production through income generating training programmes received attention only from the sixth five-year plan period Traditionally  education has played a conservative role in relation the social process . A large portion of population has not allowed by the upper caste to recive education tribal are not exception to this, therefore the last five decade education became the monopoly of higher caste people. During the British period nothing much was done to improve Indian education system. The development of education during the post independence period has been conditioned by the natural goals and aspiration as enshrined in our constitution. Several committees and commission were formed to increase the educational status of nation. Large number of educational institution were opened in rural and tribal areas for spreading of education among the ST. Compared to the general educational level the status of tribal education is far below A number of schemes and incentives such as scholarship, free residential facilities, free books, and above all reservation of seats in educational institutions were introduced and implemented. These are the facilities provided by the government to ST but their problem still continuing. What is their problem? Is it social or economic or any others…

 

.. The main reason for the low level of education among tribes is the peculiar nature of their habitations. The social and economic conditions prevailing in the tribal settlements are not conducive for better education. Lack of sufficient educational institutions in tribal areas, poverty, inability to catch the children from pre-primary level, lack of nutritional and health care programmes, poor enrolment and drop out from high education etc., curtain the effective educational development among Scheduled Tribes. Moreover, the parents of the tribal children being generally illiterate cannot insist on their children attending classes regularly. In order to improve education among Scheduled Tribes, the primary efforts should be on eradication of poverty. The parents of the tribal children have to be provided with regular employment for earning income to meet their day-to-day requirements, which will help to send their children to school. Scheduled Tribe students have to be provided with boarding and lodging. Opening of more crèches/ Balwadies/ Nursery Schools, in tribal areas will not only promote early childhood education, but also lessen the burden of elder children in looking after the younger as and when the parents go for work. Lack of teachers in remote areas, general failure of tuition schemes, lack of skill development etc., are certain priority issues in the field of tribal education. A study made by the ST development department revealed that nearly 10% of the tribal habitats are very remote and lack even primary school facility with in a radius of 2 Kms. In fact the position has improved to some extent during the past 9 year’s time. However the school facilities in primitive tribal areas are poor; 71.95% of the PTGs are lacking School facilities within 1 KM area. The state has started multi-learning centres and single teacher schools for improving primary & pre-primary education in remote tribal areas. But the functioning of the Anganwadies in these areas needs further strengthening and proper improvement. In the 10th plan, the tribal educational programmes would aim at primary and secondary educational facilities for all eligible ST students especially those living in remote areas [main objectives is improvement of enrolment rates and arresting of drop out rates] improved facilities for high quality education and research for talented ST  students; centres of Excellence etc., strengthening of pre-primary education with adequate nutritional care, merit up-gradation programmes for equipping the ST students for appearing various entrance examinations and civil services examinations; more emphasis on technical education including Information Technology, restructuring of the present tuition programmes for failed as well as regular ST students. A thorough rejuvenation of tribal hostels necessary by improving the Academic qualification for wardens and cooks etc. High priority will be given for the completion of pre-metric hostels. Scheduled Tribes form one of the most backward sections of our country. Though there has been a gradual increase in their literacy rates since independence, the present position is far from satisfactory. On an average, the difference between the literacy rate of the General category and that of STs has been around 20%. Though it is a fact that literacy rate among tribals has gone up yet the decadal rate of growth of literacy is very slow as compared to the literacy rate of the general population. The literacy rate has increased by 6.78% in the decade 1971-81 and

 

16.00% during 1981-91 for the general population but in the case of Scheduled Tribes, the literacy rate has risen by 5.05% and 13.25% only for the period 1971-81 and 1981-

 

91 respectively. The gap between literacy rates of general population and STs has increased from 20% in 1981 to 23% in 1991. The literacy position is more unsatisfactory

 

in case of ST females, which is only 18.19% as against 39.23% for non SC/ST women

 

i.e. 8 out of every 10 ST women are illiterate. The difference (about 17%) in drop out rate is almost at the same level for Primary Education for the years 1980-81 and 1988-89, while for Middle Education it is about 14%. For Secondary Education, the drop out has increased from 9% to 11% for Scheduled Tribes as compared to the general population. So the rate of dropouts still remains much higher than the General population. At the Higher Education level, the participation of STs amounts to only 3.9% as against their population percentage of 8.08%. The enrolment ratios of ST girls and boys have continued to show a progressive trend along with the rest of the population. The other revealing factor was the better pace of progress maintained by STs at primary level (43.0%) over SCs (29.7%), especially that of ST girls (49.0%) over SC girls (37.3%) during 1981 to 1996. Above all, the overall progress made by STs in terms of enrolment ratios at primary and middle levels between 1980-81 and 1995-96 has been impressive, and they could be much better than the general population. Like all other sectors of socio-economic life, educationally the tribal people are at different levels of development but on the whole formal education has made very little impact on tribal groups. In the light of the previous efforts it is not shocking because prior to 1950, the Government of India had not direct programme for the education of the tribals. With the adoption of the constitution, the promotion of education of Scheduled Tribes has become a special responsibility of the Central as well as the State Governments. The rate of education among the tribals is not very encouraging.

Factors affecting Tribal Education

Attitude of Other Students: Attitude of other student is one of the important factors for the promotion of tribal student’s higher education ie, environment factor is one of the crucial factors for the development. The negative attitude we can reflected in  university and other higher educational centre mainly located in big cities.

 

Social Factors: More allocation of funds and opening of schools do not go far in providing education to the tribals. Formal education has not been necessary for the members of tribal societies to discharge their social obligations. Hence they should be prepared to accept education and it should be presented to them in such a way as to cut the barriers of superstition and prejudice. There is still a widespread feeling among the tribals that education makes their

 

boys defiant and insolent and alienates them from the rest of their society, while the girls

 

turn modern or go astray. Since some of their educated boys felt alienated and cut off their bonds with their families and villages after getting education and good employment. Some of the tribal groups vehemently oppose the spread of education in their midst. Besides, some of their superstitions and myths also play their part. Some tribal groups believe that their gods shall be angry if they send their children to schools run by ‘outsiders’.

 

Economic Factors: Some economic factors too are responsible for lack of interest shown by the tribal people in getting education. Since most of the tribal people are living in poverty, it is not easy for most of them to send their children to schools.

 

Lack of Interest in Formal Education: In many states tribal children are taught through the same books which from the curriculum of non-tribal children of the urban and rural areas of the rest of the state. Obviously, the content of such books rarely appeals to the tribal children who come from different cultural backgrounds. Under the traditional tribal set up a child enters adulthood with confidence. He knows his environment thoroughly, knows how to construct his own house, cultivate his field, weave his cloth; in short he acquires all the skills to lead a reasonably comfortable life within the limitations of his culture. The simple skill of reading and writing acquired in an over formal school is no match for this. We cannot afford to push him back to his environment naked. Therefore, a curriculum should be framed in the welfare of tribal people. Certain tribal activities like agriculture, dancing, hunting, tribal games and archery must be allowed to find fullest expression in the extra-curricular activities of the school, thus providing some continuity of the traditional values and forms of organization. A scheme is to be worked out through which the school children will be able to link up the school and the teacher with their parents and the tribal activities. The school has to act as a centre of dispersal of simple technical know-how beyond the skills of reading and writing to become an effective agent of social change. This student-teacher-parent continuum should be able to generate a congenial atmosphere, so that the broad purpose of education, which is to enable an average citizen to comprehend the social, political, economic and other processes and forces around him, is fully served.

 

Suitable Teachers: Lack of suitable teachers is one of the major reasons for the slow growth of education in tribal areas. Most of the teachers employed for imparting education to the tribal children show little appreciation of tribal way of life and value system. They approach tribal people with a sense of superiority and treat them as ‘savage and uncivilized’ and hence fail to establish proper rapport with their students. The Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes Commission’s report says that a teacher in the tribal areas must have a thorough knowledge of tribal life and culture. He must speak tribal language. Only so can he be in a position to act as a friend, philosopher and guide to the tribal people. Actually the gulf between teachers and taught can be best reduced by appointing teachers from the tribal community itself or a separate cadre of teachers for tribal areas, with some inducements, should be created to serve the educational needs of the tribal society.

 

Lack of Facilities: One of the major problems in tribal education is that of language. Most of the tribal languages and dialects are in the most rudimentary stage and there is hardly any written literature. Most of the states impart education to tribal and non-tribal children alike through the medium of the regional language, which makes the education uninteresting and also hurts tribal sentiments.

 

Nature of habitat: Most of the tribal villages are scattered. This entails long travels to attend schools. Unless the school situated very close to their villages and its site approved by the local people the result shall not be encouraging. School building also plays an important role in the growth of education among the tribal folk. Due to mismanagement, bungling and sometimes financial constraints, the building and sometimes-financial constraints, the building is seldom suitable to run an educational institution.

 

Number of teachers: Most of the primary schools run in the tribal areas are “Single teacher-managed whose presence in the school is more an exception than a rule”. The enthusiasm of tribal people in the education of their children also depends considerably on the timing of school hours in different seasons. It should not clash with their important socio-economic activities.

 

To many observers of the situation, the problem of education in tribal areas is the problem of wastage. It is not that wastage and stagnation are peculiar to the tribal communities alone but the extent of wastage is much larger in their case. The problem of

 

Absenteeism is a serious one in tribal areas. One sees a large number of students on the rolls but the actual attendance is really low, and the number of students passing out at the final examination is even lower. The real problem is to create such economic conditions as could be conducive to the students developing sufficient interest in their studies. Education being the most effective instrument of empowering the Socially Disadvantaged Groups, all out efforts should be made to improve the educational status of these groups, especially that of the women and the Girl Child. In fact, the educational backwardness, prevalent amongst these people, necessitates an added thrust on their education, training and skill up gradation, as it will bring forth not only social empowerment but also economic empowerment.

 

Environment of family: Surrounding or environments is one of the importance factors influence for the development of a person generally and particularly in educational development. Most of the tribal parents are agricultures and labours; they have little knowledge relating to modern world and modern environment. Their environment narrows that created narrow mentality. And most of tribal fathers are addicts to alcoholic and other beverage items that creating some problem in mentally and economically end result students will fail exams.

 

Communication: Communication one of the key factor affecting the development of tribal education.  Due to isolation tribal facing problem for expressing modern and regional languages.  For understanding tribal language very difficult generally in the case of society and particularly in teachers. So the students facing problem for discussing their doubt with teachers. So their doubt continuing and automatically tribal students became the last in the class.

 

Cooperation from Stake Holders: Cooperation is essentials for promoting education in the case of tribal students. Their funds are flowing a number of persons hand and at last that amount will get students hands. The delay of funds creating problem, so the respective authorities need to be responsible for providing funds at right time at right hand.  And at last but not least the success of tribal education is completed only after getting the cooperation and help from their classmates.

 

Conclusion

 

Article 46 of the Indian constitution stress to promote the ST and SC people with special care in the educational and economic establishment. The spread of education among the ST during the last four decade has been quite uneven. Ignorant and illiteracy among tribals should be minimized and rooted out, by providing proper education and awareness programme. Government should make available adequate grants for education of tribal. To improve the educational and economic status of the tribal, opportunities for basic and adult education with training leading to better employment should be provided. Hostel facilities to tribal students should be surveyed and improved. Tribal welfare department may design and launch new programmes to generate employment opportunities for tribals. The Director of Employment and Training may provide effective career guidance service to the tribal students so as to help them to make a self assessment of these abilities, aptitudes and plan for the career… Ensuring of high quality education to tribal students. Pre-primary education and residential education will be strengthened further. The existing tuition scheme will be modified to cater to the needs of all tribal students. Programmes for assisting dropouts and improving enrolment will be formulated.All Houseless families will be given houses in a phased manner. The rate of Scholarships [Lump sum grant / stipend etc] will be revised frequently. High priority for the completion of pre-metric hostels and improving of their infrastructure facilities and revision of mess charges etc. Massive awareness and literacy programmes with involvement of NGOs will be organized in the tribal areas. Programmes aimed at improving the brilliance of talented ST students will be formulated and implemented. Training programmes such as IT Training will be arranged for the tribal students and programmes for ensuring jobs for tribals in the IT sector will be formulated. For applying schemes at right time, right place and right manner the government and respective authorities’ cooperation.  And at last but most for developing education in tribal communities the balanced relationship between other students and teachers is essentials

Suggestion

Education is the most effective instrument for ensuring equality of opportunity; keeping in view of this assumption the Government has been making several efforts to education by extending special educational facilities and reservation of seat in educational institutions. But the development of education is one of the important problems in the case of tribals. For solving that problem I like to express some suggestions.

 

1 Proper awareness campaign should be organized to create the awareness and the importance of education.

 

2 Educated tribal youth should be recruited as a teacher and posted in tribal areas.

 

3 The attitude of the tribal parents toward education should be improved through proper counseling and guidance.

 

4 Teacher buildup and maintain close relationship for the development of tribal students.

 

5 Vocational institutes should be implemented for the tribal students for creation of new avenues.

 

6 Administration of incentives need to be streamlined so that the students may avail all the facilities at proper time.

 

7 Higher level officials should check the functioning of schools frequently relating to the teaching methods, working hours, days of the school and attendance registers.

 

8 Establish separate residential school for each districts and extended up to PG level.

 

9 Residential facilities with all amenities should be provided to teachers and other staffs.

 

10 Merits scholarship, attendance scholarship, and more incentives in the form of grant allocated to uniform, books, learing materials, midday meals, supply of sports equipments.

References

1 Ambhasht N K”Tribal Education Scope and Constraint” Yogana January 26. 1994.

2 Sachchidandanda   1967 Socio Economic Uspects of Tribal education Report of national seminar New Delhi.

3 Joshi N D Adult education and development Tribal Education in India Vol. 1782.

4 Khan Q U 1972 Wastage in India School Education. Institute of Applied man Power, New Delhi.

5 Chattopandhaya K P Tribal Education Man in India Vol 33 1953.

6 Geetha B Language and schooling of tribal children issues related to medium of instruction Economic & Political Weekly October 1995.

7 Kundu M Tribal Education in India- some problem in Tribal transformation in India edited by Buddhadeb Chaudhuri. Inter India publication, New Delhi 1985.

8 Madan T N Education of Tribal India Eastern Anthropologist 1952

9 Mathur P R G Tribal Education in Kerala in tribal transformation in India edited by Buddhadeb Chaudhuri. Inter India publication, New Delhi 1985

10 Morab S G 1984 Soliga in Tribal Education in India edited by P K D Gupta and A K Danda. 1984.

11 Nuna S C Regional Disparities in Educational Development, South Asian Publication New Delhi 1993.

12 Radha S N Literacy in tribal India An evaluation in tribal transformation in India. edited by Buddhadeb Chaudhuri. Inter India publication, New Delhi 1982.

13 Varghese N V School quality and student learing- A Study of primary schooling in Kerala NIEPA  New Delhi.1994

14 Sujatha K Review of Research on Tribal Education published paper on seminar research on Tribal Education 1996 NIEPA New Delhi.1994

15 Radha S N Literacy in tribal literacy in India An evaluation in tribal transformation in India. Edited by Buddhadeb Chaudhuri. Inter India publication, New Delhi 1985

 

Mom, I’m not lying! Lela is here to tell her drug-abusing mother Maria that she doesn’t care about having a relationship with her anymore. Maria admits to using PCP and allowing Lela to do drugs with her. Lela also claims that Maria’s boyfriend crossed the line and has touched her inappropriately while Maria denies it ever happened. Lela is fed up and wants out of her mother’s life. This is a case of a daughter’s distress over a mother’s horrible judgment.

Colorism is a famous international phenomenon of discrimination, where human beings are accorded different socio- economic status and treatment based on their skin color. White supremacy is a man made belief that those whose skin color is “white” are the superior or the master race.

The root of Colorism

For many scholars, though, the mysterious story in Genesis (9) describing how Noah cursed the descendants of his son Ham with servitude remains a way to discover the complex origins of the concept of Colorism

Genesis 9:18-27

18 The sons of Noah who came out of the ark were Shem, Ham and Japheth. (Ham was the father of Canaan.) 19 These were the three sons of Noah, and from them came the people who were scattered over the earth. 20 Noah, a man of the soil, proceeded to plant a vineyard. 21 When he drank some of its wine, he became drunk and lay uncovered inside his tent. 22 Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father’s nakedness and told his two brothers outside. 23 But Shem and Japheth took a garment and laid it across their shoulders; then they walked in backward and covered their father’s nakedness. Their faces were turned the other way so that they would not see their father’s nakedness.24 When Noah awoke from his wine and found out what his youngest son had done to him, 25 he said, “Cursed be Canaan! The lowest of slaves will he be to his brothers.” 26 He also said, “Blessed be the LORD, the God of Shem! May Canaan be the slave of Shem. 27 May God extend the territory of Japheth; may Japheth live in the tents of Shem, and may Canaan be his slave.”

Ham came to be widely described as a black person.

By the 19th century, many historians have the same opinion; the belief that African-Americans were descendants of Ham was a primary explanation for slavery among Christians.

However, the Negro Peoples fought for their rights.

The document of the: “Declaration of Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World.” Has been produced in 1920

In June 1963, USA President John F. Kennedy said:

“The Negro baby born in America has about one-half as much chance of completing a high school as a white baby born in the same place on the same day, one-third as much chance of completing college, one-third as much chance of becoming a professional man, twice as much chance of becoming unemployed, about one-seventh as much chance of earning $10,000 a year, a life expectancy which is 7 years shorter, and the prospects of earning only half as much”.

Two years later, President Lyndon B. Johnson’s said at June 1965

“In far too many ways American Negroes have been another nation: deprived of freedom, crippled by hatred, the doors of opportunity closed to hope.”

Moreover, Recent News (between 2000-2004) reported that The European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC), argues that it is no longer acceptable to use skin color as an attribute to distinguish people,

Arabs and Colorism before Islam:

Before Islam, Colorism was widespread among the Arabs. The black person was inferior and most of the slaves were black and they had no human rights.

How did Mohammad ban Colorism?

It is known that the main sources of Islam are 1)the Noble Quran and 2) the sayings or the acts of the Prophet Mohammad.

How did the Quran ban Colorism?

One Creator and one origin:

This is based on the verse of the Noble Quran

[Surah 4: 1] the meaning of which is translated as:

“Oh mankind! Reverence your Guardian-Lord, Who created you from a single Person, created, of like nature, his mate, and from them twain scattered (like seeds) countless men and women; fear Allah, through Whom you demand your mutual (rights), and (reverence) the wombs (that bore you): for Allah ever watches over you”.

It means that all men are the creatures of one Allah Who created man from one origin (Adam and Eve). Therefore, men are all equal. Any discrimination based on color, class, race, or territory is unfounded and illusory. It is a remnant of the days of ignorance that chained men down to servitude. Humanity is one single family under Allah, and there can be no sanction for those barriers.

Also, Allah Created Man as an honored creature:

[Surah 17: 70] “We have honored the sons of Adam; provided them with transport on land and sea; given them for sustenance things good and pure; and conferred on them special favors, above a great part of Our Creation.”

Quran honored man and removes all the impositions of barriers and classes among the members of the Islamic society in order to enable them to enjoy and practice their legitimate rights. No color discrimination of any type is allowed in Islam.

The difference in colors is a sign of Allah the Almighty

[Surah 16: 13] “And the things on this earth which He has multiplied in varying colors (and qualities): verily in this a Sign for men who celebrate the praises of Allah (in gratitude).”

[Surah 30: 22] “And among His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the variations in your languages and your colors; verily in that are Signs for those who know.”

[Surah 35: 28] “And so amongst men and crawling creatures and cattle, are they of various colors. Those truly fear Allah, among His Servants, who have knowledge: for Allah is exalted in Might, Oft-Forgiving.”

This means that the differences in our colors, plants colors, animals’ colors are signs from the Great Creator, Allah the Almighty.

Who is the honored of you in the sight of Allah?

[Surah 49: 13] “O mankind! We created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that ye may know each other (not that ye may despise each other). Verily the most honored of you in the sight of Allah is (he who is) the most righteous of you. And Allah has full Knowledge and is well-acquainted (with all things).”

The differentiation between individuals in the Sight of Allah is based on their levels of piety, righteousness, compliance of the Commands of Allah.

Islam declares all people equal in terms of human values. The only distinction between people is on the basis of service that the individual presents to his society and community.

Mohammad said:

“O people! Your God is one and your forefather (Adam) is one. An Arab is not better than a non-Arab and a non-Arab is not better than an Arab, and a white person is not better than a black person and a black person is not better than a white person, except in piety. “

The practical lesson:

It is also reported that one of the Companions of Mohammad (named Abu Tharr) who was white once said to black slave who served him, calling him as follows:

“Oh you are the son of the black woman”.

Upon hearing this call, Mohammad turned to Abu Tharr and said to him immediately: “Are you insulting this man with his own (black) mother? Truly, you still possess some of the ignorance of the pre-Islamic era. It is over. It is over. There is no virtue or merits for the son of the white woman over the black woman except for piety and righteousness or good deeds and actions”.

Abu Tharr upon hearing the comment of Mohammad put his head down on the ground for his slave servant to come and step with his black foot on his head although Mohammad did not command him to do so. Abu Tharr felt very bad and regretted what he did and that was the reason that urged him to lay his head on the ground for his black slave servant to step on it in retaliation and revenge for what he, the master, attacked his servant with. Moreover, Abu Tharr wanted to discipline himself in a hard and humiliating way so as he would never repeat such a sin in the future.

Since this practical lesson, Muslims had never practiced Colorism.

Also, Mohammad at His final sermon said:

“O People, lend me an attentive ear, for I don’t know whether, after this year, I shall ever be amongst you again. Therefore listen to what I am saying to you carefully and take these words to those who could not be present here today.

O People, it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have right over you. If they abide by your right then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness. Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers.

All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a white has no superiority over black nor a black has any superiority over white except by piety and good action. You know that every Muslim is the brother of another Muslim. Remember, one day you will appear before Allah and answer for your deeds. So beware, do not astray from the path of righteousness after I am gone.”

Back to the history, we have two views:

The first view was in the Christian countries e.g. USA and Europe where Colorism was a big problem.

The second view was in the Islamic countries where such a problem is not present because of the Noble Quran and the teachings of the last Prophet Mohammad, the first man on earth who banned Colorism. Is not shameful that the History ignores this fact?

Continually by reason of evening took that firstly piece of the globe, the person take part has been obsessed with charm.

 

The precision is we create the develop course solely as soon as we pop out of the empty space. Day by day of our lives our physiques afford off and renew new-found cellule. The race at which that course takes rank while we are very young person is very assorted as we acquire big.

 

Day by day you are attacked each day with advertisement often written and charm caution that effort to seduce you into understand that the the majority current surprising event remedy is merely what you requirement to fight off the ransack of Mother type.

 

We are existing time as a intact. Particularly, that can be a ban or a blessing, depending on your outlook.

The top conduct to natural charm and in good condition skin is to catch consideration of what you have. Intonation plain, doesn’t it? The devotion is that your skin takes a bang from the milieu all invidual period. Here are a number of our admired, charm caution for keeping your skin just produced and in good condition:

 

1: Stay hydrated and works out it with heaps of stream! That does not mean cold drink, caffeine or some additional kind of melting; same if it is cheap cal. Beverage (even food soda) has a excessive effort of sodium. Sodium maintain liquid. You requirement liquid that will hydrate and smooth your figure unbound of poison. Succeed certainly you are drinking at slightest 8 glasses a daytime!

 

2: Guard your skin from damaging ultra indigo (UV) energy. We all dearest the sun. We be in love with being in it and we dearest having a admirable light brown. The candor is you can poison manually with too much bright. UV energy originator skin scourge and if that isn’t cheap a sufficient amount it object your skin to stage nearer than it be supposed to, provide to deformed wrinkles. If you necessity participate in the sun, manufacture some you are consuming an satisfactory sun protect. Don’t leave home devoid of it!

 

3: Maintain your skin uncluttered. Make use of a easy genial fabric. Skin does not want rubbing. You will work out additional impairment than gain if you work out.

 

4: The greatest medicine for wrinkles is to never have them in the basic rank! If you are want the majority of us, you didn’t pay attention to your Mom when she approved to decipher you to support in the blackness, aim up toward aligned and stop up look askance!

 

5: Eat in good condition. Aware how and what to have, can manufacture a mammoth distinctness in how you touch. Reprehensible drinking routine can originator despair, weight advantage, disease and an overall laziness.

 

Weight achieve object your skin to spread. Since you get big, it be defeated it’s adjustability and you’re not here with floppy skin.

The greatest key to this is to be adamant an able heaviness.

 

A control of suggestion for drinking routine are…Don’t have extra calories than you apply. Don’t move out solitary invidual time exclusive of burden entity particularly and substantial for at slightest 30 minutes per day. This can be three ten minute run. Or 30 minutes of energetic dance workout, or 12 minutes of weight ascend and 18 minutes of walking.

 

6: Don’t be troubled, be blissful. A blissful angle look like to cause to happen the issue of endorphins. Endorphins calm down the cardiovascular practice and cytokines which warning the invulnerable routine to earnings concentration in ascertaining abnormalities alike corruption cellule. Pay attention painstakingly to manually. If you have situated manually below by reason of period of being young, more than a existence, downbeat brainy often written can take their damage by whirling you into a defeatist. Expend individual week symbols below the way of speaking you work in your self slang’s odds are you will learn that you recur a dozen or so way of speaking over and over repeated that augment that harmful counterpart. If you understand information about them, you can replace them. Outer charm and mental wonder move supply in hand over.

 

Now are a only some quick caution for growing joyfulness, faith and brightness that will production no count what your stage:

 

Manufacture a slope of at slightest 50 terrific ideas that turn out to you all period.

 

Laugh a lot. You’ll cure your figure and your memory.

 

Uncover a dispute all month.

 

Effort contemplates for merely five minutes every period.

 

7: Sexual characteristics like 50  Ha! How several of you jumped prematurely to this portion?

 

The significance of tangible understanding in fact is contingent on the combine. An alarming quantity of men utilize to abandon on sexual category after 60 and several women utilize to touch that their sexual category life completed with end of menstrual cycle. Appreciatively, that is no longer the issue.

 

Sexual characteristics at center stage can in reality grow to be finer and further delightful than ever ahead of. Full growth gives join added knowledge in sexual activity. The very young person is habitually mature and not here home. The physical force of constructed dwelling a occupation and during the day person’s experiences are regularly a lesser amount of distressing than in immature years.

 

Is charm as a matter of skin absorbed?

 

The reply is yes and no.  It’s a puzzle, isn’t it? Exact charm activate from the in the middle out. Don’t you aspiration there was certain method to wriggle your nose and reach again that easy skin you had as a teen? Well, as far as someone comes up with the exact source of boyhood we are immovable with what we have.

 

Solely keep in mind that getting big doesn’t have to mean getting matured.

 

Attachment Facilitating Parenting

 

Arthur Becker-Weidman, Ph.D.

 

Center For Family Development

Many adopted and foster children have had very difficult and painful histories with their first parents. These children have experienced chronic early maltreatment within a caregiving relationship. Such a history can lead to the development of Complex Trauma (Cook et. al., 2003; Cook et. al., 2005), disorders of attachment, and Reactive Attachment Disorder. Children with histories of maltreatment, such as physical and psychological neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse, are at risk of developing severe psychiatric problems (Gauthier, Stollak, Messe, & Arnoff, 1996; Malinosky-Rummell & Hansen, 1993). These children are likely to develop Reactive Attachment Disorder (Greenberg, 1999; Lyons-Ruth & Jacobvitz, 1999). Approximately 2% of the population is adopted, and between 50% and 80% of such children have attachment disorder symptoms (Carlson, Cicchetti, Barnett, & Braunwald, 1995; Cicchetti, Cummings, Greenberg, & Marvin, 1990). Many of these children are violent (Robins, 1978) and aggressive (Prino & Peyrot, 1994) and as adults are at risk of developing a variety of psychological problems (Schreiber & Lyddon, 1998) and personality disorders, including antisocial personality disorder (Finzi, Cohen, Sapir, & Weizman, 2000), narcissistic personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, and psychopathic personality disorder (Dozier, Stovall, & Albus, 1999). Therapeutic Parenting is often necessary to help these children heal (Becker-Weidman, A., & Shell, D., 2005/2008). This approach to parenting is often not familiar to most parents and requires a significant amount of work and preparation. Attachment facilitating parenting is grounded in attachment theory and is based on a set of principles that include:

Sensitivity
Responsiveness
Following the child’s lead
The sharing of congruent intersubjective experiences
Creating a sense of safety and security

The effective implementation of these principles requires parents who:

 

Are strongly committed to the child.
Have well developed reflective abilities
Have good insightfulness
Have a relatively secure state of mind with respect to attachment

This type of parenting is consistent with Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy, which is an evidence-based and effective treatment for children with trauma and attachment disorders (Becker-Weidman & Hughes, 2008). Many foster and adoptive parents find their children’s behaviors strange, frightening, disturbing, and upsetting. They often don’t understand why their child behaves as the child does; “after all, my child is now safe, doesn’t he get it?” It can be difficult to appreciate the depth and pervasiveness of the damage caused by earlier maltreatment.

Therapeutic parenting based on Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy relies of helping parents understand what is causing the child’s behaviors. Looking deeper in order to understand what is motivating the child. All behavior is adaptive and functional; however sometimes the behaviors that were adaptive in one environment are ill-suited for the new home. If your first parents were neglectful, unreliable, and inconsistent so that you were often hungry and left alone for long periods of time, hoarding food, gorging, and going to “anyone” for help is adaptive. When that child is placed in a foster or adoptive home with caring, responsive, sensitive parents, that same behavior is no longer adaptive. By understanding what is driving the behavior and appreciating the child’s fear, anxieties, shame, and anger, the new parent will be better able to respond to the emotions driving the behavior rather than the surface behavior or symptoms. Unless the underlying emotions are addressed with sensitivity and within a safe, unconditionally loving, and supportive home, the behavior or symptoms are not likely to stop…they may change into other problems, but if the underlying cause remains, then the problems will surface again and again.

Let’s discuss the principles required. These principles are more fully elaborated elsewhere (Becker-Weidman & Shell, 2005; Becker-Weidman, 2007)

SENSITIVITY. Because children with trauma and attachment disorders are often unable to describe their internal states, emotions, or thoughts, it becomes the job of the parent to do this with and for the child so that the child learns to do this. Of course, this is precisely what one does with a newborn, toddler, and child. We often help children manage their internal states by doing that with them. When a baby cries, we pick up the baby, comfort the child, and by so doing, regulate the child’s level of arousal. Over time the infant becomes increasingly proficient at doing this independently. The parent of a foster or adopted child must be sensitive to the internal states of their child so that the parent can respond to the underlying emotions driving behavior.

RESPONSIVENESS. Once the underlying emotion is identified, the parent must respond to this need or emotion, with sensitivity. By meeting the child’s need (to feel safe, loved, cared about, for food, drink, joy, etc) the child will internalize new and healthier models of relationships and parents.

FOLLOWING THE CHILD’S LEAD. By this I mean that the parent will need to respond to the child and follow the child’s lead in the sense of providing what the child is needing (comfort, affection, support, structure, etc) and at the child’s pace. It is very important to move at the child’s pace to create the necessary sense of safety and security that these children need.

THE SHARING OF CONGRUENT INTERSUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCES. Intersubjectivity refers to shared emotion (also called attunement), share attention, and share intention. You can understand this if you think of playing a board game with your child. When you are playing some game together and enjoying the experience, you are sharing emotions (joy and a sense of competence), sharing attention (focusing on the game), and sharing intention (playing by the rules, both trying to win, having fun, etc.). Or another example, when talking about the death of the child’s loved grandparent, you both may share the same emotions (grief), both are recalling memories of the grandparent (shared intention and attention). It is the sharing of congruent intersubjective experiences, experiences in which all three elements are the shared, that helps the child heal and learn about intimacy and relationships.

CREATING A SENSE OF SAFETY AND SECURITY. Safety comes first. Unless the child is physically, emotionally, and psychologically safe, healing cannot occur. So, it is the job of the parent to create safety and security for the child. This then allows for the exploration of underlying feelings, thoughts, and memories. Without an alliance there can be no secure base. Without a secure base there can be no exploration. Without exploration there can be no integration. Without integration there can be no healing.

 

Unless the child feels safe, exploration is not possible.

So, what sort of parent is needed? We know form extensive research, that one of the best predictors of placement stability is the parent’s commitment to the child (Dozier, Grasso, Lindhiem, & Lewis, 2007). Therefore, building or rebuilding parental commitment is an important first step. Unless there is strong commitment, the child cannot feel safe and, as discussed above, safety is the most important first step in helping a hurt child heal.

Reflective capacity is also vital to placement stability and to the healing of adopted and foster children. The parent must be able to reflect on the child’s underlying emotions, how the past may be re-enacted in the present, and what in the parent’s own past is being triggered by the child. A well developed reflective function is necessary if the parent is to respond to the child in a healthy and healing manner. We all have buttons. The job of the therapeutic parent is to understand one’s buttons so that these can be disconnected so that when pushed, nothing happens.

Insightfulness (Koren-Karie, Oppenheim, Dolev, Sher, & Etzion-Carasso, 2002; Oppenheim, Koren-Karie, & Sagi, 2001; Oppenheim, & Koren-Karie, 2002; Oppenheim, Goldsmith, & Koren-Karie, 2005) is related to reflective capacity.

A parent’s state of mind with respect to attachment is the best predictor of the child’s. (Main, & Cassidy, 1988; Main, & Hesse, 1990). If the parent has a Secure state of mind with respect to attachment, then the adopted or foster child is more likely to develop a healthy and secure pattern of attachment and heal (Steele, Hodges, Kaniuk, Steele, Hillman, & Asquith, 2008). We know that when young children are placed in a foster home, the child will begin to develop a pattern of attachment that is the same as the foster parent’s state of mind with respect to attachment (Dozier, Stovall, Albus, & Bates, 2001). Obviously, in older children, this is a more difficult task. In the general population, about 60% of the adults have a secure state of mind with respect to attachment. For parents who have an insecure state of mind with respect to attachment, they can still learn to parent effectively with help (Becker-Weidman, A., & Shell, D., 2005/2008; Bick & Dozier, 2008).

USEFUL RESOURCES FOR PARENTS

 

Becker-Weidman, A., (2007). Principles of Attachment Parenting. 3-set DVD. Williamsville, NY: Center for Family Development.
Becker-Weidman, A., & Shell, D., (Eds.) (2005/2008) Creating Capacity for Attachment, Oklahoma City, OK: Wood N Barnes/ Williamsville, NY: Center For Family Development.
Golding, K., (2008). Nurturing Attachments. London: Jessica Kingsley.
Hughes, D. (2006) Building the Bonds of Attachment, 2nd edition, Jason Aronson, Lanham, MD. .
Siegel, D., & Hartzell, M., (2003). Parenting from the Inside out. Tarcher.

REFERENCES

Becker-Weidman, A., & Shell, D., (Eds.) (2005, 2008). Creating Capacity for Attachment, Oklahoma City, OK: Wood N Barnes & Williamsville, NY: Center for Family Development.

Becker-Weidman, A., (2007). Principles of Attachment Parenting. 3-set DVD. Williamsville, NY: Center for Family Development.

Becker-Weidman, A., & Hughes, D., (2008) “Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy: An evidence-based treatment for children with complex trauma and disorders of attachment,” Child & Adolescent Social Work, 13, pp.329-337.

Bick, J., & Dozier, M., (2008). Helping Foster Parents Change. In H. Steele & M. Steele (Eds.), Clinical Applications of the Adult Attachment Interview (pp. 452-471). NY: Guilford.

Carlson, V., Cicchetti, D., Barnett, D., & Braunwald, K. (1995). Finding order in disorganization: Lessons from research on maltreated infants’ attachments to their caregivers. In D. Cicchetti & V. Carlson (Eds.), Child maltreatment: Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect (pp. 135–157). NY: Cambridge University Press.

Cicchetti, D., Cummings, E. M., Greenberg, M. T., & Marvin, R. S. (1990). An organizational perspective on attachment beyond infancy. In M. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti & M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years (pp. 3–50). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Cook, A., Blaustein, M., Spinazolla, J. & van der Kolk, B. (2003) Complex Trauma in Children and Adolescents. White Paper from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Complex Trauma Task Force. National Center for Child Traumatic Stress, Los Angeles, CA.

Cook, A., Spinazzola, J., Ford, J., Lanktree, C., Blaustein, M., Cloitre, M. et al. (2005) Complex trauma in children and adolescents. Psychiatric Annals, 35, 390–398.

Dozier, M., Stovall, K., Albus, K., & Bates, B. (2001). Attachment for infants in foster care: The role of caregiver state of mind. Child Development, 72, 1467-1477.

Dozier, M., Grasso, D., Lindhiem, O., & Lewis, E., (2007) “The role of caregiver commitment in foster care,” in D. Oppenheim & D. Goldsmith, (Eds.) Attachment Theory in Clinical Work with Children. NY: Guilford.

Dozier, M., Stovall, K. C., & Albus, K. (1999). Attachment and psychopathology in adulthood. In J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment (pp. 497–519). NY: Guilford Press.

Finzi, R., Cohen, O., Sapir, Y., & Weizman, A. (2000). Attachment styles in maltreated children: A comparative study. Child Development and Human Development, 31, 113–128.

Gauthier, L., Stollak, G., Messe, L., & Arnoff, J. (1996). Recall of childhood neglect and physical abuse as differential predictors of current psychological functioning. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20, 549–559.

Greenberg, M. (1999). Attachment and psychopathology in childhood. In J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment (pp. 469–496). NY: Guilford Press.

Koren-Karie, N., Oppenheim, D., Dolev S., Sher, E., & Etzion-Carasso, E. (2002). Mothers’ insightfulness regarding their infants’ internal experience: Relations with maternal sensitivity and infant attachment. Developmental Psychology, 38, 534-542.

Lyons-Ruth, K., & Jacobvitz, D. (1999). Attachment disorganization: Unresolved loss, relational violence and lapses in behavioral and attentional strategies. In J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment (pp. 520–554). NY: Guilford Press.

Main, M., & Cassidy, J. (1988). Categories of response to reunion with the parent at age six: Predictable from infant attachment classifications and stable over a one-month period. Developmental Psychology, 24, 415–426.

Main, M., & Hesse, E. (1990). Parents’ unresolved traumatic experiences are related to infant disorganized attachment status. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Ciccehetti & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention (pp. 161–184). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Malinosky-Rummell, R., & Hansen, D. J. (1993). Long-term consequences of childhood physical abuse. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 68–69.

Oppenheim, D., Koren-Karie, N., & Sagi, A. (2001). Mothers’ empathic understanding of their preschoolers’ internal experience: Relations with early attachment. International Journal of Behavioral Development., 25, 16-26.

Oppenheim, D. & Koren-Karie, N. (2002). Mothers’ Insightfulness Regarding their Children’s Internal Worlds: The capacity underlying secure child-mother relationships. Infant Mental Health Journal, 23(6), 593-605.

Oppenheim, D., Goldsmith, D., & Koren-Karie, N. (2005). Maternal Insightfulness and preschoolers’ emotion and behavior problems: Reciprocal influences in a day-treatment program. Infant Mental Health Journal.

Prino, C. T., & Peyrot, M. (1994). The effect of child physical abuse and neglect on aggressive withdrawn, and prosocial behavior. Child Abuse and Neglect, 18, 871–884.

Robins, L. N. (1978). Longitudinal studies: Sturdy childhood predictors of adult antisocial behavior. Psychological Medicine, 8, 611–622.

Schreiber, R., & Lyddon, W. J. (1998). Parental bonding and current psychological functioning among childhood sexual abuse survivors. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 358–362.

Steele, M., Hodges, J., Kaniuk, J., Steele, H., Hillman, S., & Asquith, K., (2008). Forcasting Outcomes in Previously Maltreated Children. In H. Steele & M. Steele (Eds.), Clinical Applications of the Adult Attachment Interview (pp. 427-452). NY: Guilford.

 

A Modesto resident has been arrested after he made a dangerous pass, and crashed his car head-on into another vehicle, in a car accident that injured four of the other car’s passengers.

The Modesto Bee is reporting that on Sunday, Ray Servin was driving his Dodge on Highway 132, in rural west Modesto. According to reports by the California Highway Patrol, he made an “unsafe pass,” and as a result, his car crashed head-on into a Toyota coming up ahead. There were four occupants in the Toyota, and all of them suffered injuries. While Gabriel Guzman and her daughters, 2-year-old Mia and 7-year-old Lajady received major injuries in the car accident, the driver of the Toyota Felix Parada, received moderate injuries. The mother and her two kids were taken to the hospital where they were reported yesterday to be in a stable condition. Parada, who also received treatment at the same hospital as the Guzmans, was released after treatment.

Meanwhile, Servin was treated at the hospital for minor injuries sustained in the car accident. Tests conducted have shown his blood alcohol levels as being above the legal limit. He has now been arrested for driving under the influence with a blood alcohol level of .08 or more. Drinking and driving is not the only charge facing Servin. He has also been charged with irregularities in his identification card. Bail had initially been set at $25,000 but as of Monday, he was a free man.

The string of reckless actions this man indulged in was extensive. Not only was he driving recklessly, without heeding traffic rules, but he was also driving under the influence of alcohol. Add to that the charge of driving with a “fictitious, fraudulently altered, or fraudulently obtained identification card” and you begin to see that this man should logically still be behind bars.

It’s fortunate that the Guzman family was able to get the emergency medical help they needed, and are now expected to recover. This family has been put through a harrowing ordeal, no thanks to Ray Servin. This man should be held responsible for the trauma that the kids went though. Servin is currently a free man, cooling his heels after having posted bail. The Guzmans meanwhile, continue to be in the hospital.

CHP reports have confirmed that the car accident occurred not only due to his drunken behavior, but also the fact that he made a dangerous pass. The Guzman family definitely has grounds for a civil lawsuit against Servin. They should consult a California car accident lawyer quickly as possible to make sure that they receive the compensation they are obviously due.

One of the common themes in most teen TV series is a lack of communication. The girl purposely does not tell they guy about her deceased brother who she misses terribly. The guy omits the fact that he once got arrested. The father is (of course) having an affair, and the mother has a drug habit that no one knows about. Their neighbor on one side didn’t come to the party because his daughter has a fatal illness and the one on the other side has a hidden obsession with Star Wars. While all these things individually can be dealt with and overcome or accepted once they are actually addressed, when they start to pile up on top of each other the characters get edgy. The guy thinks the girl likes someone else; the neighborhood thinks the first neighbor killed someone and that the second neighbor has a mistress. The father thinks his wife is having an affair so it is ok for him to have an affair and the mother does not feel loved enough to put in an effort. All of this is because little tiny details get left out in conversation.

I recently watch a mini TV series of 8 episodes called “Hidden Palms”. I am not usually one for teen flicks like the “OC” or even romantic dramas like “Passions” and “the Bold and the Beautiful”. This time I checked some reviews and figured it would be cool, a little romance, a little mystery and short because it was only 8 episodes. Well, it was a whole lot more mystery than I bargained for.

Johnny Miller, a young recovering alcoholic, moves to Palm Springs with his mother and step-father Bob after witnessing his father commit suicide. Bob omits any facts about the new house, which later comes back to bite him in the ass. Johnny quickly discovers that the boy who used to live in his room, Eddie Nolan, killed himself, which causes an enormous fight.

Nikki, an ex-girlfriend of Johnny’s from rehab shows up in Palm Springs. She conveniently forgets to mention that she has lapsed in her rehabilitation and has not been sober in 3 years. At a party that night, she drinks far too much and causes a major scene.

Johnny starts getting strange instant messages from an anonymous person telling him that Eddie Nolan didn’t kill himself, he was murdered. The instant messenger, like every eles, leaves out the little tid-bit of information that is who they are and what exactly they want Johnny to do about this information. Just like every other omitted piece of information, when Johnny finds out the messenger is Liza, his neighbor, he is royally pissed.

Johnny finds out that his girlfriend Greta and Eddie’s best friend Cliff were in Eddie’s room straight after he died. He goes over to Greta to ask her questions about Eddie. Instead of just telling him the truth, Greta doesn’t want to talk about it. Meanwhile, Nikki calls her friend and asks her to pick her up in the morning. When her friend shows up with a few extra people and mass amounts of alcohol, Nikki just gives up and lets everyone come in without putting up much of a fight. When Johnny’s parents come home, there is a big scene.

Greta finally admits that she slept with Cliff while she was going out with Eddie and she thinks Eddie killed himself because of it. Couldn’t she have said that earlier?

Instead of just telling him the truth, Cliff and Greta each miss out little bits of information in their stories and Johnny is forced to shift his suspicions from one to the other. And the story goes on, and twists and turns in new directions, shifting from one person to another, from parent to child, to neighbor. Could someone have just told Johnny the truth the very first time? It would have saved his falling out with Cliff and his fight with Greta. Bob could have probably prevented his fight with Johnny and his mother too.

Is it so hard to just tell the truth? While it is not constructive, people who do not know the truth can assume a million and one different scenarios and act accordingly. It would be so much easier to tell your mom how you feel about your deceased father and for your neighbor to tell you about the boy next door who killed himself. It does not have to be so complicated. Communicate!

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to steal, vandalize and sell drugs. Brandon feels that he’s invincible and selling drugs is the fastest way to get what he wants! Well, who better to help him learn the law than Steve! Jason knows that his son is on a path of destruction fast. So today Steve’s taking Brandon to Wayne County Jail to give him a preview of where he just might end up if he doesn’t clean up his act. … steve wilkos show pedophile child abuse dad mom drug addict molester confront love rehab jail police officer marine …