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The American Medical Association (AMA) defines medical tourism as “the organized travel outside of one’s health care jurisdiction, usually one’s country, to enhance or restore health through medical intervention.” A less technical definition comes from Harvard Business School, which defines medical tourism as the act of “traveling far and wide for health care that is often better and certainly cheaper than at home.” The practice is also known as health tourism, medtrotting, or cross-border health tourism.

Medical tourism is booming and has now become a $40 billion dollar industry. An estimated 10,000 Americans engage in medical tourism annually, not including cosmetic surgery and dental procedures. Other estimates range from 50,000 to 500,000, including all procedures. In 2005, about 150,000 people worldwide were medical tourists. Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia and India are the leading countries in the medical tourism industry.

Though it has become very popular only in recent years, medical tourism is not a new phenomenon. Indeed, hundreds, even thousands of years ago, people have been to known to visit areas known for their healing powers. In England, the World Heritage City of Bath got its name from the numerous heated mineral springs and roman baths that became quite popular with the rich and famous of Europe of the 17th and 18th century. The word “Spa” is taken from a little Belgian town of that name, famous for its thermal springs. The French Riviera has also a history as a wellness getaway for English and Russian nobilities escaping the cold winters of northern Europe,

In more recent history, medical tourism followed advances in medicine as rich people from developing countries travelled to more developed countries such as the US and the UK. Other countries (e.g. Switzerland) specialized in boutique health services, such as cosmetic surgery and rehabilitation clinics.

Globalization and widespread air travel have triggered the rise in medical tourism, bringing about two major trends in health tourism.

(1) Medical tourism has gone mainstream. Whereas before, only the rich and the famous could afford to be medical tourists, medical tourism is now accessible to everybody. Hundreds of travel agencies have specialized in this rather lucrative niche. In Europe, where crossing national borders now have fewer restrictions with the inclusion of eastern European countries to the European Union, medical tourism has become widespread. This is aided by the short distances and the fact that the health care destinations are reachable by car, by train or a short flight. For Americans, medical tourism may entail travelling long distances but with cheaper flights, Central American countries have become favorite destinations.

(2) Medical tourism has changed directions. Medical tourism of 50 years ago mainly consisted of trips from a less developed country to a more developed and medically advanced country. Nowadays medical tourism goes in both directions, but mainly in the direction of developing countries where good quality but affordable healthcare can be found.

The current trends in medical tourism may be due to the following factors:

(1) Rising health care costs. Rising health care costs in developed countries especially the US are forcing their citizens to seek affordable health care elsewhere. Charges for common procedures such as heart bypass can be $11,000 in Thailand compared to $130,000 in the United States. Knee replacement can cost $40,000 compared to $13,000 in Singapore. This is even encouraged by health insurance companies and employers offering coverage of medical tourism expenses. One case is that of the insurer WellPoint Inc. and a self-funded, Wisconsin-based specialty graphics business called Serigraph. According to reports, “Serigraph will waive co-pays and coinsurance for any of their 650 employees to fly to India for certain non-emergency medical procedures such as major joint replacement and upper and lower back fusion. In addition, Serigraph will pay for all travel expenses for the employee as well as a companion”.

(2) Cross-border medical training. More and more doctors from developing countries have studied and specialized abroad. India, for example, has many doctors trained in the US and the UK who speak excellent English and fully understand the medical needs of medical tourists from Western countries. The same is true for Mexico in relation to the US and Australia in relation to Thailand.

(3) Holistic approach to medicine. The last decade also witnessed the popularity of alternative medicine. More and more people seek out alternative health care such as traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda (India), Unani (Arabic), homeopathy, and herbal medicine, among others. Many countries in Asia offer these types of medicine for Western tourists.

(4) Accreditation. To overcome the scepticism of patients, many medical tourism facilities apply for accreditation. Several American organizations conduct inspections, evaluations of and grant accreditation to medical facilities outside the US. One of these is the Joint Commission International (JCI). More encompassing is accreditation by the International Society for Quality in Healthcare which is the umbrella organization for accreditation agencies in many countries including Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Canada and Ireland.

The most popular destinations are in Asia and Latin America. However, it is estimated that about 50 countries in all continents engage in the industry.

India is on top of the list of favorite medical tourism destinations. According a University of Delaware article “India has top-notch centers for open-heart surgery, pediatric heart surgery, hip and knee replacement, cosmetic surgery, dentistry, bone marrow transplants and cancer therapy, and virtually all of India’s clinics are equipped with the latest electronic and medical diagnostic equipment”. “For example, hip surgery patients in India can opt for a hip-resurfacing procedure, in which damaged bone is scraped away and replaced with chrome alloy–an operation that costs less and causes less post-operative trauma than the traditional replacement procedure performed in the U.S”. Heart bypass goes for $10,000 and a hip replacement for $9,000, compared with $130,000 and $43,000 respectively in the United States”.

Aside from the additional attraction of its holiday destination facilities the beaches of Phuket, Thailand is actually well-known for sex-change surgery, which “is one of the top 10 procedures for which patients visit Thailand”.

For Americans, Mexico and Costa Rica are appealing because of their proximity. Arizona retirement communities now organize regular bus tours for Mexican dental work and inexpensive drugs. And tiny border communities, some about an hour from Ciudad Juarez, are becoming dentistry boomtowns to handle an ever-growing flow of American patients flying in from as far away as Alaska”.

Despite the boom in medical tourism and global healthcare the industry remains controversial in several respects.

(1) Health care disparities. A main objection by those who are opposed to medical tourism is the disparities of care delivered by private facilities catering to medical tourists and public health care for local residents. It is estimated more than half of India’s primary health care facilities are not equipped with a labor room, laboratory, or a telephone or stocked with essential medications.

(2) In Vitro Fertilization. In January 2009, a Canadian woman made headlines when she delivered twins at the age of 60. Under Canadian law, the age limit for a woman to have in vitro fertilization (IVF) is 45 to years old. India is the home of the world’s oldest first-time mother who delivered a baby girl last November at the age of 70. Laws governing fertility treatments are almost nonexistent in India, and unlike in many countries, there are no regulations limiting the age of the mother or the number of embryos implanted.

(3) Commercial surrogacy or reproductive outsourcing. This is another form of assisted reproduction connected with medical tourism and again India is in the front line. Women whose uteri are not capable of carrying a baby resort to paying other women to be surrogate mothers. In India, women consider this as a respectable way of making money and at the same time help childless women. Commercial surrogacy has been legal in India since 2002, as it is in many other countries, including the United States. But India is the leader in making it a viable industry rather than a rare fertility treatment.

(4) Organ transplantation. One of the shady dealings of medical tourism is organ transplantation. People who are not willing to wait and can afford to pay a lot of money may find other means of getting an organ in developing countries. “Transplant tourism” as it is sometimes called, is thriving in developing countries. In 2006, The Guardian reported that British patients travelled to China to have transplants with organs taken from executed prisoners, “without the prior consent of either the prisoner or their family”.

Medical tourism is on the rise and is expected to become more popular and acceptable in the future. According to the American Medical Association, “the global economy and changing rules of trade provide opportunities and challenges for the medical profession and public health”. Like in any industry, medical tourism is ruled by supply and demand. There is definitely a lot of demand in developed countries that developing countries willingly supply. However, limits and regulations need to be set in place in order to protect the patients as well as the labor force of the service providers. Only then can the industry be worthy of the term “global healthcare”.

There are enormous suggestions and advice you can get from different sources, mostly, on the web, about acid reflux relief. It’s up to you to weigh things carefully so that you can decide which best acid reflux relief fits right to your condition.

Here are some practical, effective and easy-to-follow ways on how to get relief today from the pain and agony caused by acid reflux syndrome.

1. Changing your lifestyle – it’s never been too easy to break a habit but when health is at stake, that normally involves spending lots of money. Your decision to take a 180-degree turn from bad lifestyles will no longer be a battleground. With total commitment and 100% determination in your heart, it will be easy for you to follow these steps in reducing the occurrence of acid reflux side effects:

Position: The law of gravity will keep acid buildup out of its way into the esophagus by observing an upright posture at all times, especially after eating, to allow proper digestion process. After every meal, make an allowance of at least 2-3 hours before lying down or going to sleep. For some people who experience acid reflux more often at nighttime, they should raise their head 6-8 inches higher using a pillow and not with head lying flat on the same level with the bed while sleeping.

Exertion: Do not engage in any physical exertion such as exercising after finishing a meal for this can trigger the slowing down of the abdominal muscle contraction forcing the food in the stomach to travel back up into the esophagus.

Pregnancy: If acid reflux developed at pregnancy as a result of growing fetus inside the mother’s womb that crowds the stomach area, all you can do is to follow strict rules of eating habit. The proper way is to eat small amount of food every meal but not reduce the number of meals and food you eat so as not to be deprived of having good nutrition. Once the baby was born, these symptoms will immediately stop.

Others: Proper and regular exercise, abstaining from smoking, alcohol, caffeine, and by not wearing tight fitting clothes around the midsection part of your body or even wearing a belt too tight, will help you get an effective acid reflux relief.

2. Changing your diet – To avoid pressure in your stomach, which causes acid reflux, make it a habit to eat five to six smaller meals in a frequent manner within the day instead of having three heavy meals at a certain period of time. Smaller meals are easy to digest and easily absorbed by the body without adding too much pressure on the stomach.

The other option is to eat the largest meal at lunchtime so that you can have small dinner and have no problem at all when you lie down and sleep at night. When eating always be reminded that you’re in an upright and relaxed position to allow the normal flow of food digestion.

Different food types have different reactions to a person’s body. Thus it is necessary to be aware of certain food and drinks that can trigger acid reflux and list them one by one taking note of each one’s effect to your system.

Below is a list of the common food and drinks that can trigger acid reflux symptoms:

• Fried and fatty food
• Spicy and heavily seasoned food
• Onions and garlic
• Orange juice and tomato juice
• Alcohol
• Coffee
• Chocolate
• Peppermint and spearmint

3. Choosing a cure for acid reflux – More than getting an acid reflux relief thru changing of lifestyle and diet, one should also consider and choose a way to cure acid reflux. It is important to consult a doctor and follow some medications in order to reverse the damage that has been done to the esophagus, as well as prevent future damage with healthy lifestyle changes.

In view of this, take note that while there are numerous acid reflux relief options available, there are treatments that bring more harmful effects to the body than getting good relief or cure when taken over a long term. The primary reason is the disruption of the body’s own natural biochemistry due to the neutralization of stomach acidity as a result of taking acid reflux medicines. Neutralizing or decreasing stomach acidity hinders proper food metabolism during digestion process. This in return is causing additional digestive system problems even worse than acid reflux.

See a doctor to seek for further professional help. Your physician can assist you in monitoring your medication progress and provide you with scientific approach of treatment, such as proton pump inhibitors, H2 blockers or promotility agents. Just be proactive and transparent enough to ask questions when in doubt of something, especially when it concerns diagnosis of medications.

Continually after all evening took that firstly drop of the globe, the human being take part has been obsessed with grace.

The truthfulness is we launch the become older method solely as soon as we pop out of the empty space. Daily of our lives our figure afford off and restore further smallest living organism. The rapidity at which that method takes position while we are very young person is enormously various as we persuade big.

Daily you are attacked day by day with infomercial often written and grace advise that try to seduce you into understand that the nearly everyone latest surprising event remedy is now what you requirement to fight off the ransack of Mother type.

We are existing time as a complete. Exceptionally, that can be a ban or a blessing, depending on your view.

The top conduct to natural grace and in good condition skin is to profit assiduousness of what you have. Something heard undemanding, doesn’t it? The veracity is that your skin takes a bang from the atmosphere all initial period. Here is a number of our preferred grace advice for keeping your skin just produced and in good condition:

1: Stay hydrated and sees to it with sufficiently of stream! That does not mean cold drink, caffeine or some additional class of melting; same if it is poor cal. Beverage (even food soda) has a high spot effort of sodium. Sodium maintain liquid. You requirement liquid that will hydrate and smooth your figure complimentary of toxins. Present really you are drinking at slightest 8 glasses a daytime!

2: Care for your skin from dangerous ultra purplish-blue (UV) energy. We all dearest the sun. We are in love with being in it and our fondness having a physically attractive light brown. The legitimacy is you can poison physically with too much bright. UV energy originator skin scourge and if that isn’t cheap a sufficient amount it object your skin to stage closer than it must, donate to ugly wrinkles. If you should perform in the sun, manufacture some you are working with an ample sun protection used in. Don’t leave home lacking it!

3: Hold your skin not dirty. Make use of an easy kindly fabric. Skin does not want clean with force. You will work out additional hurt than useful if you act.

4: The finest treat for wrinkles is to never have them in the primary position! If you are choose nearly every one of us, you didn’t listen in to your Mom when she approved to decipher you to hold in the blackness, aim up toward air and pause look askance!

5: Eat in good condition. Aware how and what to have, can manufacture a colossal distinctness in how you touch. Incorrect drinking practice can originator low spirits, weight benefit, disease and an overall laziness.

Weight benefit objects your skin to spread. Equally you get big, it be defeated its stretchiness and you’re not here with flabby skin.

The greatest key to this is to keep in good condition a decent stress.

A power of suggestion for drinking practice are…Don’t have new calories than you apply. Don’t move out solitary initial time exclusive of responsibility entity further and substantial for at slightest 30 minutes per day. This can be three ten minute run. Or 30 minutes of energetic dance workout, or 12 minutes of weight move upwards and 18 minutes of walking.

6: Don’t be troubled, be blissful. A blissful point of view looks like to cause to happen the issue of endorphins. Endorphins calm down the cardiovascular practice and cytokines which lively the invulnerable routine to earnings concentration in discovering abnormalities alike corruption smallest living organism. Take note attentively too manually. If you have set physically below after all period of being young, more than a life, unhelpful brainy often written can takes their damage by spiraling you into a complainer.

Use individual week texts below the way of speaking you practice in your self oration’s probability are you will discovery that you recur a dozen or so way of speaking over and over another time that augment that harmful counterpart. If you understand information about them, you can modify them. Outer grace and mental wonder move supply in hand over.

Now is an only some quick advising for growing happiness, hopefulness and brightness that will product no theme what your stage:

Nominate a slope of at slightest 50 lofty ideas that turn out to you all period.

Laugh a lot. You’ll cure your figure and your memory.

Find a dispute all month.

Effort contemplates for precisely five minutes every period.

7: Femininity like 50 Ha! How several of you jumped in the future to this division?

The import of tangible closeness essentially is contingent on the combine. An alarming total of men utilize to abandon on sexual category after 60 and several women utilize to touch that their sexual category life done with end of menstrual cycle. Gratefully, that is no longer the issue.

Sexual characteristics at center stage can in reality grow to be finer and additional delightful than ever ahead of. Full growth gives join added knowledge in sexual activity. The very young person is regularly full-grown and not here home. The physical force of constructed dwelling a occupation and day to day person’s experiences are habitually a lesser amount of distressing than in immature years.

Is grace as a matter of skin absorbed?

The reply is yes and no.  It’s a puzzle, isn’t it? Dedicated grace activate from the in the middle out. Don’t you inclination there was more or less method to wriggle your nose and reach again that easy skin you had as a youngster? Well, as far as someone comes up with the accurate source of boyhood we are immovable with what we have.

Very soon keep in mind that getting big doesn’t have to mean getting matured.

In today’s world of stricter drinking water disinfection standards there is a search for disinfection solutions that abide by the new standards while keeping the disinfection operation cost-efficient and safe. Ozone disinfection has the potential not only to meet but also to exceed the limits. Along with disinfection, the use of ozone for drinking water treatment can also have many other benefits such as taste and color removal, iron and manganese removal, and insecticide removal.

What Mother Nature performs, science tries to duplicate and then works to improve upon. Ozone, created by a natural phenomenon, provides many benefits to mankind that science had to harness the energy and recreate the process. This seemingly simple process that takes place naturally in the environment has taken the industrial society a long time to perfect.

Ozone treatment is an effective disinfectant for water being used in bottled water operations. The process requires careful, precise operation and quality equipment to ensure water is properly disinfected and tastes good.

Ozone – or O3 – is Mother Nature’s purifier and disinfectant. The 3 stands for the three oxygen atoms that compose Ozone. The normal Oxygen we breathe is called O2, and is made up of only two chemically linked Oxygen atoms. You may have noticed that a sudden summer storm leaves behind a very distinct smell, sort of a “fresh scent” which lasts for about an hour. In this case, you smell Ozone, which has been creating from lighting bolts during the electrical storm. Ozone is also created by the by the Sun’s ultra violet rays.

The three Oxygen atoms, once these has a weak hold on the others, and is more than willing to transfer electrons with other organic substances, such as bacteria, and viruses. This single Oxygen atom binds with the other substance, causing it to oxidize (turn into something else. Rust is an example of Iron oxidizing into Iron Oxide). The byproduct of Oxidation in this case is simply O – a single Oxygen atom. Ozone functions as both an oxidant and disinfectant in the treatment of drinking (potable) water and wastewater. This is similar to chlorine. Chlorine and Ozone, however, operate by different mechanisms when disinfecting water. As a result, ozone and chlorine can act synergistically.

Ozone’s germicidal properties are associated with its high oxidation potential. Disinfection by ozone is a direct result of bacterial cell wall disintegration, also known as lysis.

In summary, when the ozonation process train is properly engineered and designed, water quality can be achieved which, without exception, cannot be matched with any type of chemical treatment.

door* Demi! *eyes widen* [[Meanwhile]] Kevin:*enter Joe’s room and see he is cutting his wrist again* Joe! Stop it! Joe:*looks at Kevin* I can’t! Kevin:*walks towards Joe and take the razor* You are way out of the line! You need to go to the rehab! Joe:Rehab? Kevin:Yes! And this is getting very serious! Ugh..Nick! Nick:*run to the room* What? Joe! Kevin:Go get some piece of cloth! Nick:Alright! *go find some piece of cloth and give it to Kevin* Here it is. Kevin:*takes it and wraps it to …

Richard is on the show to confront the mother of his children, Teneal who has restlessly been fighting him for custody of their children. … steve wilkos show wolvorrors kill obama wwe ecw cena undertaker metallica slayer death love chance new old all HQ HD pedophile child abuse dad mom drug addict molester confront rehab jail police officer marine jerry springer

After the first part in this series where 6 pressing beauty questions were covered, we follow up with another 6. Discover the answer to all your embarrassing beauty questions here:

7. What’s causing my toenail fungus?
This rather embarrassing fungus is in truth athlete’s food that you’ve picked up from shared showers or borrowed shoes that’s spread into your toenails.

The fix? What works best is a prescription antifungal pill like Lamisil or Sporanox, but be warned: these treatments are only 70 to 80% effective at best and can have some nasty side effects.

What’s more, it can take nearly 18 months for the toenail to fully grow out. Now you know why it’s so important for you to wear those shower slippers at the gym!

A natural option to try is bathing the affected nails in hot water and epsom salts 2 – 3 times a day and try to avoid wearing socks and shoes were possible.

8. Why do my teeth look so dingy?
The dull, stained look comes from culprits like smoking and drinking dark beverages (coffee, tea, soda and red wine) that stain your teeth.

The fix? As with any stain, the longer it sits the harder it will be to remove… so keep going for those dental cleanings.

You can also lighten your teeth a few shades with lightening toothpaste with carbamide peroxide, but use it only once a day to avoid drying out your gums.

And while you might be tempted by the packaging… drugstore teeth lightening kits generally aren’t strong enough (nor are the trays fitted properly) to take your tooth color more than a few shades lighter.

If you need stronger stain removal, your dentist can bleach your teeth up to eight shades brighter with a concentrated peroxide gel administered with a laser (at a cost of $800 to $1,500), or by using a custom-fitted mouthpiece (at about $600 to $1,000) that you wear an hour a day for 10 days.

9. Why do I have stretch marks?
While you might blame your pregnancies or weight fluctuations (maybe even your mother) for your stretch marks, they are actually caused by hormonal changes that happen during normal growth spurts. When your skin stretches minimally or the stretched skin is thick, white marks are the result.

The fix? While there’s no treatment guaranteed to take away stretch marks, there are steps you can take that make them less visible.

Twice daily applications of over the counter Striae Stretch Mark Crème may help – in fact several studies have confirmed that it can reduce red or white marks in about four weeks.

You might also ask about laser therapy (at a cost of $450 to $700 per treatment) that can tone down the brightness of recently acquired red marks.

Microdermabrasion, at a cost of $50 to $150 per session, can also diminish the look of those marks.

10. Could there be an underlying cause for my excess facial hair?
If you find that you’re fighting new facial hair growth on a daily basis, or are sprouting lots of hairs on your chin, it’s time for a visit to your doctor.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (a condition known to cause high levels of male hormones) or an adrenal gland problem could be to blame.

If you’re moderately hairy and touch up your upper lip or eyebrows once a month, you probably have nothing to worry about and your genetics to thank for the add on to your beauty routine.

The fix? Vaniqa is a new, odorless prescription cream that has just been approved by the FDA to decrease light to heavy hair growth anywhere on the face ($50 for a two-month supply).

Though it doesn’t give immediate results (keep using your regular hair-removal methods at first), the cream blocks one of the enzymes responsible for hair growth, gradually slowing it down as long as you continue to use the product.

For those who don’t respond to Vaniqa, six laser hair treatments (at a cost of $150 each) can significantly decrease hair growth for months, while monthly electrolysis sessions for up to a year (at a cost of $60 to $100 each) can get rid of hair permanently.

11. Why is my face so shiny?
If you’re loosing hair and have stopped getting your periods a hormone imbalance could be to blame… so see your doctor.

If this isn’t you, your skin may just be oversensitive to your male hormones (all women have them) and it is this that’s triggering the production of extra oil.

A too harsh cleaning regimen can also be responsible. Many dermatologists contend that alcohol-based toners and gritty scrubs can overdry and irritate your skin, making it produce extra oil to compensate.

The fix? Clean out the oil without overdrying your skin in the process.

In the morning, wash your face with an oil free lotion cleanser, then rub on an alcohol free toner. You can top this with an over the counter oil absorbing gel and touch up shiny spots during the day with blotting papers.

Repeat your morning cleansing routine, without the gel, just before bed.

If you’re still shining away, ask a dermatologist about Retin-A Micro, a less irritating cream created to treat acne, but that has also been proven effective against oiliness.

12. What do I do about these warts on my hands?
To get warts you have to be genetically predisposed, and be exposed to an infected person. The culprit is the human papilloma virus.

The fix? Use a clean nail file to slough off the top layers of your warts to get rid of dead skin. Don’t use the file for anything else, or share it with anyone. Next rub on over-the-counter Occlusal HP – its highly concentrated salicylic acid dissolves warts.

If warts linger after several months, you can talk to your dermatologist about laser therapy and liquid nitrogen treatments. Even with treatment, warts can come back.

You should also know that you need to be careful when engaging in sexual activity – though it’s unlikely, hand warts can spread to your (or your partner’s) genitals.

The Florida Aquifer, technically named the Floridan Aquifer, is one of the largest and most productive aquifer systems in the world.  The Floridan Aquifer provides water for irrigation, household, agricultural and industrial use, livestock, plants, wildlife and most importantly, drinking water to the vast majority of Floridians throughout the state.  Obviously, for this reason, the Floridan Aquifer is a natural resource of extreme importance which must be protected against Aquifer Storage and Recovery Wells and Deep Injection Wells used for injection of partially treated sewage effluent.   

Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR), is the injection of treated or partially treated water that meets the water quality standards of drinking water or ground water directly into the aquifer through an ASR injection well for later use.  Or, at least in the state of Florida, that was the original intention as I understand it.  The concept of Aquifer Storage and Recovery, according to the Florida Department of Environmental Protection is that the aquifer functions as a storage facility when water is plentiful.  When water is in demand due to short supply, the injected water can then be recovered for use as drinking water, irrigation or other use.  The level of treatment required after storage depends on the use of the water, whether for public consumption as drinking water, surface water augmentation, irrigation, or wetlands enhancement.    At this time, there are 18 aquifer storage and recovery well fields in Florida that have about 65 wells among them, according to the Department of Environmental Protection.  

Sounds like a reasonable solution to a water shortage if done so properly, laws, rules, and regulations are followed, but this is not always the case.  Now days, ASR apparently is no longer limited to the storage and recovery of drinking or ground water quality water.  It is my understanding, special permits can be issued by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection to store partially treated sewage effluent directly into the Florida Aquifer, our main source of drinking water, via very shallow ASR wells (just 500 feet deep).

In many areas of Florida, partially treated sewage effluent and other toxic waste water from various sources is currently being pumped into deep wells at least 1,000 to 2,000 feet deep and deeper, below the Florida Aquifer to depths far and beyond where drinking water is accessed. The intention of these wells, 1,000 feet deep or greater, is not to store or recover, but instead to dispose of the sewage effluent – forever.   

Theoretically, deep well injection of sewage effluent does not effect the environment or drinking water because the injection zone is so deep, far below the Florida Aquifer.  Myself and many others do not believe that.  Studies have been conducted on the environment in areas where deep well injection has occured. Scientific studies indicate adverse impacts on the Florida Aquifer, the environment, sea water, coral reefs, fish, sea turtles, and other sea life.  Further studies are being conducted.  

The Floridan Aquifer is actually an underground river surrounded by porous rock.  Water within the Floridan Aquifer flows underground through channels or veins similar to caves and also flows into nearby veins through the porous rock that surrounds the aquifer water..  

Water levels and water pressure within the aquifer fluctuate as demand for the water increases and decreases.    

During dry periods, wells used for irrigation are under high demand.  This results in low water levels and reduced pressure within the vein of the aquifer that feed the wells.  Common sense dictates that if one particular vein of the aquifer is experiencing low pressure due to low water level, and nearby veins are experiencing high pressure due to high water levels, the water flows through the porous rock walls of the aquifer from the veins with high water levels to replenish the vein of low water level.   Water seeks its own level, everyone knows that.   

We have been lead to believe that water injected into the Floridan Aquifer via Aquifer Storage and Recovery wells is permanently confined within the injection zone, can be recovered, and will never cause a problem.  That is not true at all. The water intermingles with the aquifer water within the cavern it was injected and flows great distances in a short period of time from the injection point throughout the vein in which it was injected, to other veins through the porous walls of the aquifer, into other caverns within the aquifer, and beyond, likely reaching local wells, and is also known to surface as springs on land and sea.    

In other words, once injected it is gone forever and recovery of the injected water is virtually impossible.      

In numerous locations throughout the state, the Floridan Aquifer comes to the surface of the land as springs that feed rivers and streams.  Many of these springs are found, not only on shore, but offshore, flowing into the oceans and water ways surrounding Florida.  

Since Florida is a peninsula, surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the Florida Bay, and the Gulf of Mexico, ASR is a risky practice to say the least, one that could prove to be a very grave threat to the Floridan Aquifer, our main source of drinking water, the residents of Florida, and the environment in general, on and offshore.    

Growth has been out of control in many areas throughout the state of Florida, the fourth largest state in the U.S.  Due to the large and expanding population, quality drinking water and water for irrigation is in short supply especially during dry periods.  Our state simply does not have the water resources or the water treatment infrastructure necessary to support the population growth in some of these areas.  Many communities are still using older, outdated treatment technologies.

Aquifer Storage And Recovery Of Sewage Effluent And Other Waste Water Is A Weapon of Mass Destruction!  

Waste water effluent is highly toxic, known to contain deadly bacteria, viruses, traces of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs, numerous toxic chemicals including Endocrine Disrupters, Volatile Organic Chemicals, Pesticides and Herbicides, Fluoride, Arsenic and Heavy Metals such as Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Lead, Mercury, and Zinc.   

Protect Yourself, Your Kids, and Your Pets!  Don’t Drink The Water From ASR Wells Meant For Irrigation!  Don’t Even Allow It To Touch Your Skin!  Do Not Drink From Your Garden Hose!  

Sewage effluent effects mammals of all kinds including humans.  The toxic chemicals in waste water are proven to cause cancer, reproductive problems, nervous system disorders, kidney and liver damage, is highly toxic to humans, especially pregnant women, infants, children, older people, and people with immune deficiencies.    

Skin eating disease is on the increase in Florida.  The water recovered by ASR wells for irrigation may contain the bacteria responsible.    

Here in Florida, we have a very precious, diverse, and delicate ecosystem.  Too numerous to mention, many of our plants, animals, fish, and birds are endangered. The last thing we need in Florida is the detrimental environmental effects associated with the injection of sewage effluent and waste water into the Florida Aquifer via ASR wells.   

Evidence is mounting in regards to the devastating effects of deep well waste water injection. It is becoming obvious to many, especially to owners of private wells, beach goers, surfers, fishermen, and divers.  Coastal areas near deep well sites are experiencing a lot of irreparable damage.  Coral reefs are dying, red tides, increased algae bloom, water plants (both fresh and saltwater) are disappearing, the health of endangered sea turtles is at risk, fish numbers are in decline, and marine life in general is suffering from the ill effects of deep well injection.   This being true, ASR wells being so shallow (500 – 1000 feet deep) will cause even more environmental problems. 

Recently, a new ASR well was constructed in Rockledge, Florida for the purpose of storing water derived from partially treated waste water and sewage effluent.  The Rockledge ASR Project is creating quite a stir. The Rockledge Aquifer Storage and Recovery Well Sewage Effluent Injection Project has many residents of Rockledge, and surrounding Brevard County, and environmental groups alike, highly concerned about this controversial issue.  

Note: To clarify my terminology of partially treated, all of the hazardous chemicals will not be removed from the water prior to injection.  These chemicals are not naturally occurring, not normally found in the aquifer, and surely should not be injected into our drinking water supply.     

Rockledge, a small city of approximately 25,000 people neighboring Cocoa Beach and the Indian River Lagoon is located in Brevard County.  Many residents that reside in Brevard County outside of Rockledge city limits own private wells used for drinking water and/or irrigation.    

The Indian River Lagoon, an Ecological Resource of National Significance, is less than one half mile from the well site.  A large area of the Lagoon is within a 1-mile radius of the well.   More than a dozen springs, thought to originate from the aquifer, flow directly into the lagoon.    

Obviously, the City, St Johns River Water Management and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection have not considered the adverse environmental impact this experimental well will have on Indian River Lagoon.   

The city’s intention is to inject partially treated sewage effluent into the ASR well at a depth of 3 to 5 hundred feet to be used as irrigation water for lawns, golf courses, and agricultural interests during dry periods.  The city contends that the well can help guard against water shortfalls, tightening water restrictions, and will not effect local wells used for drinking water outside of the one mile radius.  

Construction of the Rocklege ASR Project should be complete in June 2009.  The city of Rockledge will then seek a permit from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection to operate the well.  At this point in time Rockledge does not have a permit to inject partially treated sewage effluent.  The permit to operate the well will have to be modified before the actual injection of sewage effluent can take place.  By law, testing will be required to determine the extent of the flow that will take place from the point of injection to other areas within the Floridan Aquifer, the state’s main underground source of drinking water.     

Being so shallow, only 500 feet, i believe this is the first well of its kind in the state of Florida for the purpose of injecting partially treated sewage effluent.  Unfortunately, there are two other ASR wells being constructed on the west coast in Tampa and Ft. Meyers for the same purpose.   

City commissioners voted 6 – 0 to approve the project.  Officials claim the injected sewage effluent will be contained within the cavern of the aquifer it is injected and also claim that it will not flow to other areas within the aquifer or otherwise, effect drinking water, nor cause harm to neighboring wells, or create any environmental problems.

Officials also claim the water will be treated to drinking water standards.  Note: Drinking Water Standards are lacking in that numerous different dangerous chemicals have been found to be in water since the Clean Water Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act was initiated many years ago.  New standards need to be put in place to bring our current standards, laws, and regulations up to date…  Numerous new chemicals, for example pharmaceuticals, have been identified in tap water throughout the U.S. in recent years.  Standards have not been set for many of these new chemicals.

A grass roots organization named Save Our Aquifer has formed to stop the injection of sewage effluent and other waste water, 300 to 500 feet deep, into the newly constructed 500 foot deep, very shallow, ASR well drilled directly into the Florida Aquifer.     Hundreds of concerned property owners in Rockledge have responded to Save Our Aquifer (SOA), expressing their concerns over the proposed aquifer injections and ban on potable water wells. Rockledge residents are concerned about the loss of their property and water rights, contamination of their wells and the Indian River Lagoon. 

Members of Save Our Aquifer are waging a campaign against the well because they are concerned the injected water will flow from the injection site, contaminate local wells fouling water supplies, cause environmental damage, and ultimately contaminate area drinking water resources.  

At this point, many residents in Rockledge and surrounding Brevard County do not even know about the well. Homeowners in the affected area were not directly notified about the ASR well and the potential impacts on their private wells.  No public hearing has been held. Members of Save Our Aquifer are attempting to inform the public about the risks involved. 

Another concern they have is residents loss of water rights. Back in 2006 the city made an ordinance banning all potable wells within a one mile radius of the new well.  Wells used for irrigation are still in operation.   Who wants to irrigate with water contaminated with arsenic and deadly chemicals?

The city contends local wells outside of the 1 mile radius will not be effected by the new ASR well and have defined the ordinance prohibiting potable wells within the one mile radius to be an extra safety measure.  The truth is, the city officials of Rockledge have no clue as to where the injected water will flow or what damage it could possibly cause to wells located throughout Brevard County, outside of Rockledge city limits.

The city ordinance banning potable wells within the one mile radius of the ASR well site back in 2006 tends to conflict with the claim by the city that the injected sewage effluent will be potable or treated to drinking water standards prior to injection. 

Members of Save Our Aquifer and many other people believe the city’s claim that the water produced by this well will be safe is totally false.

Officials claim this project is not about recharging the aquifer, nor getting rid of sewage effluent water.  Officials say it is all about storing the water within the aquifer for a short time until needed during the dry season for irrigation purposes.   The dry season typically lasts approximately 2 months.   Apparently, they think the water is going to wait  for up to 10 months before being withdrawn for irrigation.  I believe the injected water will be GONE… 

Many people feel that the Rockledge ASR project is not only about water storage.  Every town or city has the problem – what to do with sewage effluent.  This may just be a cheap solution to that problem.    

Even cheaper for Rockledge than most realize because the city of Rockledge is actually only paying for approximately half this project.  The other half is being paid for by a grant given to the city by the Saint Johns River Water Management District through the “Florida Water Protection and Sustainability Program”, a total of $670,000.00 and another grant from Florida Forever’s “Water Resource Development Project” to the tune of $570,470.00   

From what I am seeing on the internet, having read numerous studies, judging from past performances of the deep well projects, injecting sewage effluent deep underground has resulted in a tremendous amount of environmental damage, on and off shore.    

This being true as witnessed by many, shallow ASR Injection directly into the Underground Source of Drinking Water (USDW) will be a total disaster.  The injected water will mix with the existing natural water contained within the Florida Aquifer, will destroy our source of drinking water, will flow to other areas within the aquifer, springs, wells, and will have a serious negative impact on the environment in general. This is not to mention that only a small amount, if any, of the actual injected water will ever be recovered.    

As I understand it, according to the Florida Department of Environmental Protection Website, the injected water must be treated to the standards of drinking water. The injection wells are required to be constructed, operated, and maintained so that the injected water remains within the injection zone. Flow of water between aquifers is prohibited.  All ASR injection wells are supposed to be monitored so that if the water were to flow to other areas it would be detected before reaching the Underground Source of Drinking Water.   Rockledge will be injecting treated sewage effluent directly into the Florida Aquifer, our source of drinking water…

Most Floridians have no clue as to what is going on.  The citizens of Rockledge living within the 1-mile radius of the project were not notified in writing nor were they asked their opinion of putting partially treated sewage into their underground source of drinking water prior to  implementation of the ASR well project  

A few residents having knowledge of this well project taking place have asked a number of questions directed at city officials, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the St Johns River Water Management District.  Some of the questions have been answered.   Most of the answers have come across as being very hard to understand referencing highly technical rules, regulations, and technology that a layman cannot begin to understand.  With a lack of information, unanswered questions, and confusing answers to the questions they have chosen to answer, residents of Rockledge and the surrounding area cannot form a full understanding or opinion in regards to this well and it’s purpose.      

This project is not being widely publicized as it should.  In fact, it appears Rockledge officials are attempting to keep it quiet.  

In July, members of Save Our Aquifer requested of the City permission to place signs on private property, with owners consent, where they could be seen by people traveling over US 1.  They were denied saying that such signs would be illegal, calling them “snipe” signs.    

On November 24, 2008, the American Civil Liberties Union of Florida served notice on the City of Rockledge that they intend to sue the City if Save Our Aquifer is not allowed to place signs informing the public about the City’s proposed ASR well on private property along US 1 and other roads where property owners allow the signs.  

December 5, 2008 the City of Rockledge granted Save Our Aquifer permission to post “NO ASR WELL”  signs on private property.  Save Our Aquifer has posted a $100 bond with the City of Rockledge and will be collecting permission forms from private property owners in Rockledge in order to post signs and raise awareness among the community about the issue.  

Defending The Floridan Aquifer Is Not Only Our Right, It Is Our Responsibility!    

The ASR waste water injection “Rockledge test well” (shallow 300′-500′)  considered an “experiment” with the plan being to expand throughout Florida WILL EFFECT ALL FLORIDIANS IN THE FUTURE!  

If Rockledge, with the help of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, receives the necessary permits to continue with this project, and you know they will, this will be a model for other cities. Eventually, many other cities throughout the state will follow their lead.  

No One Enjoys The Stench Of Dead Fish!  

The Rockledge Aquifer Storage and Recovery Project will be costly in the long run…. Tourism is a huge industry in our state.  Tourists flock to our state to enjoy our beaches, sunbathing, fishing, diving, and swimming.  In just a few short years Cocoa Beach and the Indian Lagoon will be showing the effects of pollution due to ASR.  Once this occurs, the tourists will come no more…   Neither will the money they spend at local motels, hotels, restaurants, shopping centers, bait shops, sports stores, etc…  

Clean, Healthy Drinking Water Is A Basic Human Right!  

Injection of this toxic mix, polluted, chemical laden sludge will contaminate our single major source of clean, healthy, drinking water.  The damage ASR Sewage Injection can create is irreversible.   It is government’s job, local, state, and federal to protect our water.  To stand up and enforce our laws and regulations that protect drinking water.  That’s why we have the Clean Water Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act.    

Where does government get off thinking they can threaten our water supply, cap our wells used for drinking water, and destroy our environment?  Government does not own the water!  Water belongs to no one, every human being on the face of this earth has the right to clean, healthy drinking water!   

This May Turn Out To Be An Environmental And Economical Disaster!   

Some communities have given up on their ASR Projects and returned to using surface storage because they have found ASR to be way too expensive.    

As one man said – “ASR Is The Mother Of Weapons Of Mass Destruction”   Injection of this toxic mix, polluted, chemical laden sludge will contaminate our single major source of clean, healthy, drinking water.  The damage ASR Sewage Injection can create is irreversible.    

In Time, No One With A Well In Brevard County Will Have Water Safe To Drink!  

In South Florida, the home of many such wells, structural damage has occurred.  Injection wells have caused cracks in the ceiling of the Florida Aquifer, causing the aquifer to fill with sand creating sinkholes.  Sinkholes are known to be a direct route for pollutants to enter the aquifer.  

The extreme fluctuation of the water level within a well used for this purpose can cause other problems.  I said “extreme” because during dry weather, a time of high demand, a lot of water will be drawn from the well on a daily basis.  During periods of wet weather, especially when we get those frog chokers, 10 – 15 inch rains resulting from hurricanes or tropical storms, a lot of water will be pumped down the throat of the ASR well, up to 180 million gallons per year. That makes me wonder to what degree the water will be “treated” or if it will be treated at all prior to injection during these periods of heavy rainfall…   

Not only can this cause structural problems to the porous rock surrounding the water within the Florida Aquifer, pumping such a huge amount of water into the aquifer on a daily basis will increase the prevalence of arsenic in the water. Unsafe levels of arsenic can occur anytime the rock surrounding the aquifer is disturbed. Arsenic is a naturally occurring substance common throughout much of Florida.  Arsenic is also found in many herbicides and pesticides.  Arsenic is common in Central Florida water and has been found in many drinking water wells. 

Something that puzzles me is why the St Johns River Water Management District and the Florida Forever Program is condoning, in fact, donating to this project.   I was always under the impression the St Johns River Water Management District and Florida Forever was all about protecting our resources.  In fact, I thought Florida Forever was all about conserving natural lands and protecting our environment.   

My thoughts are that by this well being a solution to the sewage effluent problem, Rockledge will be in a better position to justify more growth.  It has always amazed me how local politicians always run their campaign on the position of stopping growth and then when in put office they vote for everything they can that will encourage more growth…   

There are other options to store reclaimed water and solve the problem of sewage effluent.   Surface storage is a much better option….

Every community in Brevard County and surrounding counties have similar water problems.  Why not get neighboring counties involved, build a large multi-use, environmentally safe reservoir farther inland, in an unincorporated area.  Treat the water properly, to drinking water standards and pipe it in.  When the dry season comes, draw water necessary for irrigation.  

The reservoir and surrounding land could be used for recreational purposes.  Boating, fishing, water-skiing, picnicking, camping, etc.  Golfing is popular here in Florida, build an adjacent golf course and country club on the property.  Include a swimming pool, a restaurant, and tennis courts.  Fees charged to use the facilities and profits from the restaurant and camping area would pay the cost of the project.    

Build a new modern water treatment facility on the property, one capable of fully treating the water, to handle the incoming sewage effluent using solar power.  Solar power would provide electricity to power the entire project.  Using solar power would also reduce federal taxes, if any, associated with the facility.    

Most of this project could possibly be paid for by federal dollars.  A “Green” project such as this would likely qualify for low interest government loans, even grants, I would think, especially since our new, incoming president is committed to the environment, the green initiative, and intends to increase jobs by upgrading and building new infrastructure.    

If we can afford to throw billions of our tax dollars, 350 billion to date I believe, to wasteful companies, banks and mortgage companies that obviously don’t know how to handle money, I think the politicians can afford to send a little money our way!   I’m no financial wizard and I know this sounds expensive, but so is the Rockledge ASR Project, something to the tune of $2,000,000.  Not to mention the extreme cost of the continual testing required to operate the well, upwards of $100,000 per year.  If Rockledge is permitted to operate the well, others will be built in the near future.  

If one of these wells fail, polluting the aquifer, the cost of clean up would be out of sight.    

Now is the time, land is cheaper now than it has been in years.  Jobs are needed.  A project like this would not only provide water in times of need, if managed correctly, it could actually go into profit and those profits could be shared by all the counties involved.  Profits could help pay for county services, reduce local real estate taxes, and build new schools.  

Doing this would help to solve the waste water problem, create jobs, increase tourism, improve the local economy, help keep our kids off the street, increase property values, be a great improvement to the entire area, and provide something everyone could enjoy, residents and visitors alike.  It would be an environmentally friendly solution, much safer than aquifer injection, and would be something we could all be proud of.    

I have a personal stake in regards to this issue.  My drinking water comes from a well we had drilled into the Floridan Aquifer back in 1994.  The well is drilled directly into a vein within the Florida Aquifer, 365 feet deep.  We fully treat the water prior to drinking.    

Look, I’m no scientist, just a concerned citizen, resident of Florida and somewhat of an environmentalist.  I have written a number of articles concerning issues such as this.  I believe in leaving the smallest footprint possible on the environment.  If we all practice good stewardship we can leave our children, grandchildren, and future generations a better place to live.        

What Can We Do?      

Demand All ASR Injected Water Be Fully Treated To Drinking Water Quality, Tested  And Monitored On A Regular Basis As It Should Be!    

Be Part Of The Solution!   Let Your Voice Be Heard!  Join Save Our Aquifer In This Effort To Stop Aquifer Storage and Recovery!   www.saveouraquifer.org 

Click this link – http://www.saveouraquifer.org/?q=node/6 to send an email to Rockledge Officials

Read more articles like this one.  Scroll down my Home Page – Learn more about our drinking water, drinking water contamination,  health effects of contaminants found in drinking water -  Read the Water News @ www.supremedrinkingwatersolutions.com             

Contact The Following Environmental Groups       Natural Resources Defense Council                    Water Keeper Alliance                      Sierra Club        

Remember This On Election Day!  

Write an editorial to your local newspaper and send a copy to:  

Office of Governor Charlie Crist State of Florida The Capitol 400 S. Monroe St. Tallahassee, FL 32399-0001      

City Manager, Jim McKnight, City of Rockledge    1600 Huntington Lane,  Rockledge, Fla. 32955.                 

Mayor Larry L. Schultz      1820 Laurel Oak Dr. S.      Rockledge, FL 32955                         

City Clerk & Public Relations      Betsi Beatty Moist      (W) 321-690-3978      FAX 321-639-1065    

Wastewater Treatment & Water Reclamation Director      Alan M. LaDuke      (W) 321-690-3975      FAX: 321-690-3998      

Florida Dept of Environmental Protection      3900 Commowealth Boulevard, MS # 35, Tallahassee, Fla. 32399-3000      850-245-2212        

St. Johns River Water Management District      4049 Reid Street, Palatka, Fla. 32177 

Rockledge City Council Seat #1
Dr. Joe Lee Smith  918 Levitt Pkwy.  Rockledge, FL 32955
    

Rockledge City Council Seat #2
Richard K. Blake  916 Brunswick Lane  Rockledge, FL 32955
    

Rockledge City Council Seat #3
Colleen Stuart  899 Jefferson Road  Rockledge, Fl. 32955
     

Rockledge City Council Seat #4
Frank Forester  1481 Wellington Circle  Rockledge, FL 32955
    

Rockledge City Council Seat #5
E. Georgia Phillips  856 Westport Dr.  Rockledge, FL 32955

Rockledge City Council Seat #6
Tom Price  11 Wincove Lane  Rockledge, FL 32955

 Patti Wilson

This was taken at the Blistered Whiskers’ home-based shelter. They’re a no-kill, non-profit, 501c3, tax exempt organization dedicated to the rescue, rehabilitation and adoption of street kittens. The mother is feral, so these kittens were found outside somewhere in the valley. Blistered Whiskers takes the mother and her kittens in and makes sure they’re well fed, socialized, healthy, and then spayed or neutered before they are adopted out. Please visit www.blisteredwhiskers.org to find out …

Tramadol, also sold under brand names Ultram and Ultram ER, is a drug agony reliever employed in the treatment of moderate to severe pain The extended-release version is used to treat protracted pain that requires 24-hour upkeep. Additionally, there might be other uses for this medication.

If you are suffering from recurrent or chronic pain, then Tramadol is the best medicine for you. Tramadol is a medicine belonging to the analgesic family. Its principal action is centered on the pain sensors located in the brain. It can inhibit the production of certain enzymes that trigger painful reactions.

Just like most analgesic, tramadol pain relief can be purchased without prescription. There are places where you can purchase Tramadol over the counter or you can use the Internet to purchase this medicine. You should take note that Tramadol is principally marketed in online pharmacies. Buying Tramadol online can give you lots of reserves.

Medical consultation is a healthy standard procedure whenever you take prescription drugs. Your doctor could give you valuable advice regarding dosage and frequency of use. You may have to undertake a detailed check-up to determine the effects of Tramadol on your physical conditions.

There are also negative effects connected with tramadol pain relief. This is just natural because drugs can interact with the natural chemical substance in your body. However, it is good to know that there are still no reported serious negative effects for Tramadol use.

You should check with your doctor if you experience the common negative effects related with Tramadol such as drowsiness, constipation, loss of appetite, nausea, and excessive sweating. Serious tramadol pain relief side effects such as allergies and rashes, constriction of throat and chest muscles, listlessness, serious tremors and seizures need prompt medical attention so you better go to the nearest hospital.

Tramadol is a very effective anti-pain medication. It can generally ease moderate to severe pains which could improve the quality of your life. Buying tramadol pain relief and undergoing medication is a must if you are experiencing chronic pains. Pains will be a thing of the past once you order tramadol pain relief from online pharmacies.

Before taking Tramadol, it is important to chat about with your physician whether you’ve ever been dependent on drugs or alcohol. This is significant because Tramadol should not be taken when one is drunk or by people who have recently used drugs like alcohol, other narcotic agony medications, medicine for the treating of depression or uneasiness, tranquilizers like Valium, drugs for the handling of psychological illness such as schizophrenia, or street drugs.

Further, although the danger of seizure is present for all users of Tramadol, this risk may be significantly higher in those who have certain medical conditions. For that reason, it’s critical that you tell your physician if you have any of the following conditions : a record of drug abuse, epilepsy or fit disorder, previous head injury, or a metabolic disorder.

Other disorders that can make Tramadol contraindicated include kidney disease, liver disease, any disorder of the stomach, or a history of depression or psychological illness.
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if you are pregnant and considering taking Tramadol, it’s vital to understand that the drug is in pregnancy class C. This indicates that the medication might be damaging to an unborn baby, and it might also cause major – or fatal – side effects in a newly born if it is administered to the mummy during pregnancy or labor. Note, too, that Tramadol can enter a mother’s breast milk and can thus be harmful to a nursing baby.
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Age is a component in a patient’s suitability for Tramadol, too. It should not be given to anyone under 16 years of age, and for those over 65 a lower-than-usual dose could be commended. Eventually, take Tramadol exactly as it’s been prescribed. Take it with a full glass of water and do not crush the tablet. You may take it without or with food, but whichever way you choose, be sure to take it the same way each time.

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, acid Pass it (that’s it!) Puff, puff, and pass (Puff, puff, and pass!) The motherfuckin blunt that’s stuffed with hash Don’t make me have to punch yo’ ass [Chorus: Proof + (Rude Jude)] Mom and Dad! (I smoke weed) Mom and Dad! (I do blow) Mom and Dad! (I take E) Mom and Dad! (I bang hoes) Oh Mom and Dad! (I sniff paint) I’ve been bad! (I drink ‘gnac) Don’t be mad please! (I jerk off) Mom and Dad! (I smoke crack) [Proof] My mind ain’t where I left it last I got an F in class; in fact, eff …

Buy Roboxin Apart from being used for providing relaxant feeling to the muscles pains, Roboxin is also used in the tetanus treatment and it is more effective when it is complimented with physiotherapy and bed rest. So how does it work? Roboxin acts by restricting nerve impulse that causes pain from getting to the brain. It also relaxes the other body muscles from different body parts that might cause pain to the injury or sprain. These drug majors its functionality around the central nervous system to relieve the pain and muscle twitching injuries. Roboxin precaution When your doctor has prescribed the Roboxin drug you should use it as told and if you had some past medical history then it is important that your doctor knows of it before he/she decides if you should use this drug or not. But if you have suffered the following ailments then it will be more right to inform your doctor. These disorders include: Allergy, blood ailment caused by allergies due to prescription of other medicines, drug addiction and abuse, seizure disorder, kidney disease, porphyria among others. But it should be noted that Roboxin is not so far known to cause pregnancy disorders if taken by expectant mothers. But it will be harmful to the baby if taken by breastfeeding mothers. But a doctor should be consulted before an expectant and breastfeeding mother starts the use of the Roboxin drug. If you have taken any of the following drugs it will be more accrate to let your doctor know so that you are told what else to do and the drugs are like follows: Alcohol, amytal, anafranil, asedin, aventyl, bromfed, CSN depressants, chlor-trimeton, compazine, darvocet and Darvon among others. Side effects Intake of Roboxin might result into serious allergic reactions which include closed throat, breathing trouble, swollen lips, tongue, face or any other effects. Some like nasal blockage and high body temperature can be serious and so it is important that you visit your doctor immediately you start suffering these side effects so that utmost attention is accorded the side effects. Overdose of Roboxin It is evident that the Roboxin buying is a fast pain reliever but it should be taken only by the physician’s instructions and one should not just buy it over the counter and start the use of it. Overdose of this drug might cause fatal disorders like lightheadedness and unconsciousness. But if an overdose is taken by mistake then one should rush to the doctor to receive attention and medical help. It is most appropriate to miss a dose than overdose Roboxin drugs so you have the choice because a missed dose will not have adverse effects like an overdose. Guidelines It is only the doctor who can give you a prescription for Roboxin buying. And remember to use clean drinking water when taking the dosage; alcohol should be avoided at all cost when using Roboxin.

Recorded Nov. 9, 2009

The healthcare industry is composed of several different sectors that provide health care services to individuals. These services range from the diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, therapy and other medical needs that a human being needs. It includes those services offered in dental, medical, nursing, pharmaceutical, clinical sciences and others. The health care industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world, as it offers millions of jobs around the world.

This industry is lively all the time because no one can ever tell when a person will need such health care services. Hospitals and medical professionals are ready to accept patients twenty-four hours a day seven days a week. This industry is much busier during the holiday season than at any other time. The health care industry provides services on any age bracket. From the time that a baby comes out from his mother. ‘s womb up to the time he will die because of old age or certain illnesses, it is all covered by different health services.

Why is there an increase in employment in health care industry?

One factor is related to the increase in the number of aging people that is evident. Older people need more health care services because health problems begin to develop as a person ages. The need for someone to take care of them is also there. Nurses and caregivers usually fill this spot, especially in countries where there is greater number of older people and the young ones are not capable of providing these services.

Therapists, nurses and other health care workers are needed for the rehabilitation and recovery of some patients. This is true especially now that the advancement in technology continues to lead to innovations and new developments of more complex and sophisticated methods to prolong human life.

Different hospitals specializing in different fields of medicine may rise in the future. This is because there are a lot of innovations that have developed within recent years that cure what were once non-curable diseases. The need for doctors and surgeons for new procedures and techniques in surgery is increasing rapidly.

What are the latest innovations in health care industry?

It is said that the job opportunities for the health care industry will increase because of the developments in the industry. Some of those innovations are the developments in complex surgical procedures, infection control, gene therapy for cancer treatment, advances in technology used for reproduction and many more. Hospitals also store their data in a single repository inside their company. This is made possible through the use of a centralized databases. These databases serve the purpose of providing different personnel in the hospital such as: the doctors with patient records, accounting for billing and nurses for updating the patient’s status. There are also other devices or gadgets that are developed to help in gathering medical data on a patient.

To supply the need for health care workers and professionals, many countries are improving their programs when it comes to producing quality health care workers.

It felt like waiting for the other shoe to drop….EVERYDAY! I remember waking up in the morning and wondering would today be one of “those” days. Would my mom be drinking today. When my mom drank it literally put our home into a tailspin. My parents would argue very often because my dad didn’t like it when my mom drank although, he drank at times as well. Unfortunately, I know first hand how painful it is to have an alcoholic in the house.

My mom was such a beautiful woman. She was always very well maintained in appearance and kept the house spotless. When my mother drank, she truly turned into another person. To this day, I believe it to be more then just the alcohol that transformed her normally sweet disposition into something that was unrecognizable. There had to be a deeper problem that triggered her destructive behaviour. She cared for my sisters, dad and I with the utmost love. We took comfort in the fact that there would always be a complete meal prepared for us and a warm smile at the end of each day. Of course,, this was only on the “good” days.

Over the years, my mothers drinking increased. She would be very mean and nasty while drunk. Her normally neat appearance took a turn for the worse. When she was drunk, she would fight with my dad and yell at my sisters and I. We realized early on that our mother was an alcoholic. We tried to encourage her to attend AA (alcoholics anonymous) meetings but she would resist. Her denial and belief that she had her drinking under control trumped any complaints that we consistantly threw at her. Even when she would give in and go to a meeting, she never continued with it.

Alcoholism is/was extremely distructive to our family. As family members of an alcoholic, we learned a lot about our need to seek treatment for us as well as our mothers. Addiction is much more mental then it is physical. The pain that alcoholism or drug addiction causes is just as bad as a physical wound. In many cases, the pain is worse because it’s inside. I learned that seeking help is VERY IMPORTANT because the effects of living with alcoholism or drug addiction don’t end when the person stops drinking or using. Behavioural changes or damage continues due to the past scares we incurred while trying to cope with an addicted loved one.

As with all things that we endure in life, it is not what happens to us, however; it’s how we choose to view and address what happens to us. It is here, that we realize the true power of the mind and it’s ability to show us the way to overcome our shortcomings. Alcoholism and drug addicition is no exception to this rule. Don’t ignore the necessary need for outside help. You will only take those unresolved issues with you into your future relationships.

Your strength is not shown in your denial, it manifests itself when your strong enough to cry out for help.

door* Demi! *eyes widen* [[Meanwhile]] Kevin:*enter Joe’s room and see he is cutting his wrist again* Joe! Stop it! Joe:*looks at Kevin* I can’t! Kevin:*walks towards Joe and take the razor* You are way out of the line! You need to go to the rehab! Joe:Rehab? Kevin:Yes! And this is getting very serious! Ugh..Nick! Nick:*run to the room* What? Joe! Kevin:Go get some piece of cloth! Nick:Alright! *go find some piece of cloth and give it to Kevin* Here it is. Kevin:*takes it and wraps it to …

band of Music History. One of the greatest things about this band is their ability to create an atmosphere from a song. When I first heard Shame in You i was blown away by its uniqueness. The song is really about Layne’s stuggles with drug addiction, but this song created an image in my mind. I’ve compared Layne’s stuggle with mankind’s stuggle to survive. With most of AiC’s songs they start out depressing but uprise a spark of hope(like this song and Over Now). Long Live Laynes Legacy. …

after battling to stay alive due to lung failure. She had suffered from a years-long drug addiction, an addiction she had apparently overcome when she was blessed with her daughter Olivia. Sadly, something triggered her one day and she disappeared from her job, only to turn up several days later at the Hospital Mexico in San Jose. She was able to tell her mom that she loved her and that she was sorry before slipping into a coma, never to re-awaken. Rest in peace Caty-mouse, rest in peace.. …

Swine Flu FAQs by Womens Health Doctor

What is “Swine flu”?

Swine flu is a viral infection basically found in pigs that is caused by swine influenza virus. It is very rare to get swine flu in humans except in some cases where people have direct contact with pigs. Currently, the nature of swine flu virus transmission has changed and it can be transmitted from humans to humans even if there is no prior contact with pigs. There are four main sub-types of the virus, but the most recent isolated influenza viruses from pigs have been H1N1 viruses.

For more information http://www.womenshealthdr.com

How does the swine flu spread?

In the present outbreak of swine flu, the virus is spread by air borne contact. Infection can be transmitted through cough, sneeze, or even by touching the objects that have been touched by an infected individual. Chances of infection are more if after touching these objects one touches the eyes, mouth, or nose.

Can you get swine flu by eating pork?

Swine flu cannot be spread by pork products, since the virus is not transmitted through food. Cooking pork to an internal temperature of 70ºC and above kills the swine flu virus.

What are the symptoms of swine flu?

Since it is a viral infection, its symptoms are similar to Influenza. In humans, the symptoms include:

-Fever

-Cough

-Sore throat

-Runny nose

-Headache

-Fatigue

-General body aches

-Diarrhea and vomiting

-Neurological symptoms (Especially in children)

How to prevent swine flu?

There are several ways to prevent swine flu. Wash your hands with soap and water or alcohol based sanitizers after being out in the public. Also eat a healthy nutritious diet and drink plenty of fluids and keep your household articles clean with disinfectant or diluted chlorine bleach. Avoid close contact with people who might be infected. Wear a face mask (consider using an N95 respirator) if you must come into close contact with a sick person.

How to diagnose swine flu?

Diagnosis of swine flu is done by collecting respiratory specimens during the first 4 to 5 days of illness (10 days in children) and getting real-time RT-PCR and/or viral culture specifically for Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Virus. Hence, if one has any of the swine flu symptoms, a doctor’s consultation is necessary.

For more information http://www.womenshealthdr.com

What is the treatment of swine flu?

As it is a viral illness, hence, majority make a full recovery without requiring medical attention or antiviral drugs. However, the use of Tamiflu (oseltamivir) or Relenza (zanamivir) for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with swine influenza viruses has been found to be effective. In the recent outbreak, the virus has been found to be resistant to amantadine and rimantadine.

Is there a vaccine for swine flu?

There is no vaccine for swine flu as yet. But vaccines are being made in large quantities and clinical tests will begin in August 2009.

How to deal with a swine flu patient at home?

If any of your family members have fever with cough or sore throat, make sure to consult your doctor at the earliest. Suspected person should stay home for seven days after symptoms begin and should wear a face mask or N95 respirator. He/ She should throw the used tissues and other disposable items in the trash and immediately wash his hands afterwards. Alternatively, wipes or gels with alcohol in them can be used to clean hands. Linens, eating utensils and dishes belonging to suspected cases should be washed by using household laundry soap and tumbled dry. One should wash one’s hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub immediately after handling dirty laundry and other household items of suspected individuals. Children should be strictly prohibited from close contact and an infected breast feeding mother should express her breast milk, and the child should be fed by someone else. If the investigations come out positive, then the infected individual should be quarantined in an isolated ward in a hospital and treatment started to prevent complications.

What is the role of face masks in swine flu prevention?

The role of face masks and respirators as the first line of defense against the virus is still controversial. But these offer additional protection against the air borne illness.N-95 respirators are better than face masks or surgical masks but it is hard to breathe through them for extended periods and are inconvenient to wear for children and people with facial hair.

What is the prognosis of patients with swine flu?

Most of the patients of swine flu recover with no complications. Patients with depressed immune function or those who are seriously ill have worse prognosis compared to those who are immunocompetent.

How does swine flu kill?

Swine flu being an air borne infection infects the respiratory system chiefly lungs and causes lung infections. It can also cause secondary infection which can affect the vital organs of the body and lead to death.

What precautions should you take while travelling?

Apart from the general measures described above to prevent swine flu, if you become ill in any way while in the country, you should seek medical advice immediately.Also consult your health care provider and discuss the various risks associated with the disease if you are travelling to any country that has reported cases of flu among birds, swine, or humans.

For more information visit www.womenshealthdr.com

About the Author

Medical questions answered by qualified doctors on http://www.womenshealthdr.com

eraser will kick your erasers ass! 27. Save a drum, bang a drummer. 28. Defy gravity; all the cool kids are doing it. 29. The decision is maybe and thats final! 30. Im not weird, Im gifted. 31. Life called you failed. 32. My mom said that I am cool because I dont do drugs. 33. I am pretending to be a tomato. 34. They say that hard work never hurt anyone but why take the risk? 35. Never put a cat on your head. 36. Dont eat my foot! 37. Never set yourself on fire. 38. The banana has legs! 39. …